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Notes

What is new

April 2011

Updated UK indicators

• Lacking consumer durables:
  • third graph (Internet usage): Internet usage is strongly related to both income and age.
• In receipt of tax credits:
  • first graph (over time): the number of working households who are in receipt of tax credits has more than doubled over the last decade.
  • second graph (by region): the proportion of working-age households who are in receipt of tax credits in London and the South East is less than elsewhere in the UK.
• Children in workless households:
  • first and second graphs (over time): around 1.9 million children live in workless households, similar to a decade ago. Two-thirds of them are in lone parent households.
  • third graph (by household type): half of all children of lone parents live in households which are workless. This compares to just one in fourteen for children of couples.
  • fourth graph (by region): at more than a quarter of all children, the proportion of children who are in workless households in inner London is much higher than elsewhere.
• Accidental deaths of children:
  • first graph (over time): accidental deaths amongst the under-16s have almost halved over the last decade.
• Without a basic qualification at age 19:
  • first graph (over time): the proportion of 19-year-olds without a basic level of qualification has fallen sharply in recent years, down from 33% in 2004 to 18% in 2010.
  • second graph (by age): although almost a half of young adults do not obtain a Level 2 qualification at age 16, this proportion reduces to a fifth by age 21.
  • third graph (by gender): fewer girls lack a basic level of qualification than boys.
  • fourth graph (by region): the proportion of 19-year-olds without a basic level of qualification is somewhat higher in Yorkshire & the Humber and East Midlands than elsewhere in England.
• Work and disability:
  • second graph (compared to other groups - over time): whilst the proportion of lone parents who are not in paid work has fallen a lot, the proportion of disabled people who are not in paid work remained broadly unchanged.
  • third graph (compared to other groups - by gender): disability affects work status much more than gender or even lone parenthood.
  • fourth graph (shares): among those who are aged 25 to retirement and are not working, almost half are disabled.
• Work and lone parents:
  • first graph (over time): 57% of lone parents are working, up from 51% a decade ago.
  • second graph (by region): the proportion of lone parents who lack, but want, paid work is similar in all regions except for London (higher) and Northern Ireland (lower).
• Work and ethnicity:
  • fourth graph (workless households): a quarter of working-age Black African, Bangladeshi and Black Caribbean households are workless.
• Workless households:
  • first graph (over time by household type): single adult households - both with and without children - are much more likely to be workless than couple households.
  • second graph (shares by household type): more than half of all workless, working-age households are single adults without dependent children.
• Help from social services:
  • first graph (over time): the proportion of older people receiving home care has halved since 1994 as available resources are increasingly focussed on those deemed most in need.
  • second graph (by region): a smaller proportion of older people are helped to live at home in the South (outside London) than elsewhere in England.
  • third graph (by type of authority): on average, English county councils support a smaller proportion of older people to live at home than urban authorities.
• Without home contents insurance:
  • first graph (over time): half of the poorest households do not have home contents insurance, the same as a decade ago and more than twice the rate for households with average incomes.
  • third graph (by housing tenure - rates): more than half of all renters do not have home contents insurance, compared with very few owner occupiers.
  • fourth graph (by housing tenure - shares): two-thirds of households without home contents insurance are renters.
• Unmet housing need:
  • first graph (over time): for only the second time in a decade, the number of new social housing dwellings in 2009/10 exceeded that required to keep up with demographic change.
• Dissatisfaction with local area:
  • fifth graph (by public service): on average, people in more deprived areas are slightly - but only slightly - more to be dissatisfied with their public services.
• Non-participation:
  • fourth graph (by characteristic): the group least like to volunteer regularly are those living in deprived areas.

Updated Scotland indicators

• In receipt of tax credits:
  • first graph (over time): the number of working households who are in receipt of tax credits has doubled over the last decade.
  • second graph (by local authority): the proportion of the population in receipt of tax credits is lower in Aberdeen and Edinburgh than elsewhere.
  • third graph (compared with the UK): Scotland has a lower proportion of households who are in receipt of tax credits than most other regions in the UK.
• Children in workless households:
  • first graph (over time): around 140,000 children live in workless households, similar to a decade ago. Two-thirds of them are in lone parent households.
  • second graph (by household type): almost half of all children of lone parents live in households which are workless. This compares to around one in twenty for children of couples.
  • third graph (compared with the UK): the proportion of children who are in workless households in Scotland is slightly lower than the UK average.
• Work and disability:
  • third graph (shares): among those who are aged 25 to retirement and not working, around half are disabled.
• Work and lone parents:
  • first graph (over time): 60% of lone parents are working, up from 50% a decade ago.
  • second graph (compared with the UK): around a fifth of lone parents in Scotland lack, but want, paid work, a similar proportion to the UK average.
• Workless households:
  • first graph (over time by household type): single adult households - both with and without children - are much more likely to be workless than couple households.
  • second graph (shares by household type): three-fifths of all workless, working-age households are single adults without dependent children.

Updated Wales indicators

• In receipt of tax credits:
  • first graph (over time): the number of working households who are in receipt of tax credits has doubled over the last decade.
  • second graph (by local authority): every local authority has at least a sixth of its working-age households in receipt of tax credits.
  • third graph (compared with the UK): Wales has a slightly higher proportion of households who are in receipt of tax credits than the average for the whole of the UK.
• Children in workless households:
  • first graph (over time): around 110,000 children live in workless households. Two-thirds of them are in lone parent households.
  • second graph (by household type): half of all children of lone parents live in households which are workless. This compares to one in twelve for children of couples.
  • third graph (compared with the UK): the proportion of children who are in workless households in Wales is somewhat higher than the UK average.
• Work and disability:
  • third graph (shares): among those who are aged 25 to retirement and not working, around half are disabled.
• Work and lone parents:
  • first graph (over time): just over half of lone parents are working.
  • second graph (compared with the UK): around a fifth of lone parents in Wales lack, but want, paid work, a similar proportion to the UK average.
• Workless households:
  • first graph (over time by household type): single adult households - both with and without children - are much more likely to be workless than couple households.
  • second graph (shares by household type): half of all workless, working-age households are single adults without dependent children.

Updated Northern Ireland indicators

• In receipt of tax credits:
  • first graph (over time): the number of working households who are in receipt of tax credits has doubled over the last decade.
  • second graph (by local authority): the proportion of working-age households receiving tax credits is higher in most of the western districts than in most of the eastern ones.
  • third graph (compared to Great Britain): Northern Ireland has a higher proportion of households who are in receipt of tax credits than any of the Great Britain regions.
• Children in workless households:
  • first graph (over time): whilst the number of children in workless households has been rising in the last few years, it is - at 60,000 chldren - still lower than that of a decade ago.
  • second graph (by household type): half of all children of lone parents live in households which are workless. This compares to one in twenty for children of couples.
  • third graph (compared to Great Britain): the proportion of children who are in workless households in Northern Ireland is slightly lower than the UK average.
• Wanting paid work:
  • fourth graph (lacking work - compared to Great Britain): Northern Ireland's high number of people not in paid work is entirely accounted for by the high number of students and long-term sick/disabled.
• Work and disability:
  • third graph (shares): among those who are aged 25 to retirement and not working, around half are disabled.
• Work and lone parents:
  • first graph (over time): around 55% of lone parents are working, up from around 45% a decade ago.
  • second graph (compared to Great Britain): one in seven lone parents in Northern Ireland lack, but want, paid work, a much smaller proportion than in any of the regions of Great Britain.
• Workless households:
  • first graph (over time by household type): single adult households - both with and without children - are much more likely to be workless than couple households.
  • second graph (shares by household type): more than half of all workless, working-age households are single adults without dependent children.
• Without home contents insurance:
  • first graph (by income): more than half of the poorest households are uninsured. This compares with one in five for households on average incomes.

Updated rural England indicators

• In receipt of tax credits:
  • first graph (compared to urban): the proportion of working-age households who are in receipt of tax credits is similar in both rural and urban districts.
• Help from social services:
  • first graph (compared to urban): slightly fewer older people receive help from social services to live at home in rural authorities than in other authorities.

Updated European indicators

• Long term unemployment rate:
  • first graph (overall).
• Long term unemployment share:
  • first graph (overall).
• Very long term unemployment rate:
  • first graph (overall).

Updated local area data

• In receipt of tax credits (district-level spreadsheet).

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March 2011

Updated UK indicators

• Low birthweight babies:
  • first graph (over time): babies born to parents from manual social backgrounds are now only a bit more likely to have a low birthweight than those born to parents from non-manual social backgrounds.
  • fourth graph (link with infant deaths - rates): there is a very strong relationship between low birthweight and the subsequent likelihood of infant death.
  • fifth graph (link with infant deaths - shares): two-thirds of all infant deaths are among those borne of low birthweight.
• Infant deaths:
  • first graph (over time): although down by a fifth on a decade ago, infant deaths are still 35% more common among those from manual backgrounds than among those from non-manual backgrounds.
• Impact of qualifications on work:
  • first graph (lack of work): the lower a young adult's qualifications, the more likely they are to be lacking but wanting paid work. A quarter of those aged 25 to 29 with low or no qualifications lack but want work.
  • second graph (low pay): the lower a young adult's qualifications, the more likely they are to be low paid. Half of all employees aged 25 to 29 with low or no qualifications are low paid.
• Not in education, employment or training:
  • first graph (over time): one in ten 16- to 18-year-olds is not in education, employment or training, similar to a decade ago.
  • second graph (by region): the proportion of 16- to 18-year-olds who are not in education, employment or training is higher in the North East of England and in Scotland than elsewhere.
• Young adult unemployment:
  • first and second graphs (over time): at 20%, the unemployment rate for 16- to 24-year-olds has been rising since 2004 and is now higher than the previous peak in the early 1990s. It is more than three times the rate for older workers.
  • third graph (by gender): the unemployment rate is higher for young men than for young women.
  • fourth graph (by region): the unemployment rate for 16- to 24-year-olds is highest in London.
• Not in education, employment or training:
  • fourth graph (rates by industry): in wholesale, retail, hotels and restaurants, around three-quarters of all employees aged 16 to 24 are paid less than £7 per hour.
  • fifth graph (shares by industry): half of all adults aged 16 to 24 earning less than £7 per hour work in wholesale, retail, hotels or restaurants.
• Wanting paid work:
  • first and second graphs (over time): the number of people who lack, but want, paid work has been rising since 2005, not just during the current recession.
  • third graph (by region): the proportion of the working-age population lacking who lack, but want, paid work is highest in the North East of England.
  • fourth graph (by age and sex): for women of all ages, and for older men, those who are economically inactive but wanting paid work substantially outnumber the officially unemployed.
  • fifth graph (by reason): around half of those who lack, but want, paid work are not officially unemployed.
• Work and disability:
  • first graph (over time): 40% of those with a work-limiting disability are working. A further 25% lack, but want, paid work.
  • fifth graph (by qualification): at every level of qualification, the proportion of people with a work-limiting disability who lack, but want, paid work is much greater than for those without a disability.
  • sixth graph (by region): the proportion of people who both have a work-limiting disability and lack, but want, paid work is noticeably higher in the North East than elsewhere.
• Work and ethnicity:
  • first graph (over time): one in seven adults aged 25 to retirement from ethnic minorities are not working but want to, lower than a decade ago but still much higher than that for White people.
  • second graph (by group): around a third of Bangladeshis and Pakistanis are both not in paid work and say that they do not want paid work, a much higher proportion than that for any other ethnic group.
• Blue collar jobs:
  • fourth graph (by gender): one in three full-time male workers are in production industries, compared to around one in ten full-time female workers and part-time workers.
  • fifth graph (by industry): manufacturing, construction and other production industries are the areas which are dominated by full-time male workers.
• Low pay by industry:
  • first graph (risks): two-third of employees in hotels & restaurants - and half of those in retail & wholesale - earn less than £7 per hour. Three-fifths of them are women.
  • second graph (shares): two-fifths of all low-paid employees work in the hotel, restaurant, retail and wholesale sectors. A further quarter work in the public sector.
  • third graph (by age group): much of the low pay in the hotels & restaurants and retail & wholesale sectors is in the younger age groups. By contrast, low pay in the public sector is spread throughout the age range.
• Low pay and disability:
  • first graph (by gender and full-/part-time): for both full-time and part-time work, the proportion of employees with a work-limiting disability who are low paid is higher than that for employees without a work-limiting disability.
  • second graph (by qualifications): at all levels of qualification, the proportion of people with a work-limiting disability who are low paid is somewhat greater than for those without a disability.
• Low pay and ethnicity:
  • first graph (by ethnic group): almost half of all Bangladeshi and Pakistani employees earn less than £7 per hour.
• Insecure at work:
  • third graph (temporary/part-time): most part-time employees do not want a full-time job - but only a quarter of temporary employees do not want a permanent job.
  • fourth graph (temporary contracts): although rising in recent years, the number of people in temporary contracts is still somewhat lower than a decade ago.
  • fifth graph (union membership): only one in nine workers earning less than £7 an hour belong to a trade union, a much smaller proportion than for those with higher hourly earnings.
• Access to training:
  • first graph (over time): throughout the last decade, people with no qualifications have been around three times less likely to receive job-related training than those with some qualifications.
  • second graph (by level of qualification): the lower a person's level of educational qualifications, the less likely they are to receive job-related training.
  • third graph (by occupation): access to training differs significantly by occupation, being least in elementary (routine) occupations, plant & machine operatives and skilled trades.
  • fourth graph (by industry): the best access to training is in the public sector.
• Working-age adults without qualifications:
  • first graph (over time): the proportion of the working-age population without any educational qualifications has fallen by two-fifths over the last decade.
  • second graph (by age and gender): the proportion of people in their twenties without any educational qualifications is much smaller than the proportion for people aged 40 and over but similar to the proportion for people in their thirties.
  • third graph (by region): the proportion of the working-age population without any educational qualifications is much higher in Northern Ireland than in the rest of the UK.
• Mental health:
  • first and second graphs (over time): the proportion of working-age people who are deemed to be at a high risk of developing a mental illness is similar to a decade ago. Women are more at risk than men.
  • third graph (by income): adults in the poorest fifth are much more likely to be at risk of developing a mental illness than those on average incomes.
  • fourth graph (by social class): people from manual backgrounds are at slightly higher risk of developing a mental illness than those from non-manual backgrounds.
  • fifth graph (by region): the risk of mental illness is similar across most of the regions in England.
• Obesity:
  • first and second graphs (over time): almost a quarter of working-age people are now obese. This is a much higher proportion than in the early 1990s.
  • third graph (by income): there no obvious relationship between obesity and income. The groups with the lowest levels of obesity are poor men and rich women.
  • fourth graph (by social class): there is no obvious relationship between obesity and social class.
  • fifth graph (by region): in England, the proportion of working-age adults who are obese is lowest in London.
• Polarisation by housing tenure:
  • second graph (over time - work): in two-thirds of households in social housing, the head of household is not in paid work. Although this has been the case throughout the last decade, it was only a half at the start of the 1980s.
  • third graph (by age group): half of heads of households aged between 25 and 54 in social rented housing are not in paid work compared to just one in fifteen of those in owner-occupation.
  • fourth graph (by region): three-quarters of heads of households in social housing in Northern Ireland are not in work, more than in any other part of the UK.
• Homelessness:
  • first graph (over time): the number of newly homeless households has fallen by two-thirds since 2003.
  • second graph (by region): although most prevalent in the West Midlands and in London, homelessness is to be found throughout the country.
  • third graph (by reason): the most common reason for becoming homeless is loss of accommodation provided by relatives or friends.
  • fourth graph (by ethnic group): a quarter of those accepted as homeless and in priority need by English local authorities are from ethnic minorities.
  • seventh graph (in temporary accommodation - by length): a third of households leaving temporary accommodation in 2010 had stayed there for a year or more.

Updated Scotland indicators

• Infant deaths:
  • second graph (by local authority): the authorities with the highest rate of infant deaths are Shetlands and Inverclyde.
• Impact of qualifications on work:
  • first graph (lack of work): the lower a person's qualifications, the more likely they are to be lacking but wanting paid work.
  • second graph (low pay): the lower a person's qualifications, the more likely they are to be low paid.
• Not in education, employment or training:
  • first graph (over time): around one in seven 16- to 18-year-olds are not in education, employment or training.
  • second graph (compared with the UK): the proportion of 16- to 18-year-olds who are not in education, employment or training in Scotland is somewhat higher than that in most of the rest of the UK.
• Young adult unemployment:
  • first and second graphs (over time): at 20%, the unemployment rate for 16- to 24-year-olds is now higher than the previous peak in the early 1990s. It is three times the rate for older workers.
  • third graph (compared with the United Kingdom): the unemployment rate for 16- to 24-year-olds in Scotland is somewhat below the UK average.
• Wanting paid work:
  • first graph (over time): unemployment rose sharply in 2009 and 2010, but the number of people classified as economically inactive but wanting paid work remained broadly unchanged.
  • second graph (by age and sex): for women of all ages, and for older men, those who are economically inactive but wanting paid work substantially outnumber the officially unemployed.
  • third graph (by reason): more than half of those who lack, but want, paid work are not officially unemployed.
  • fifth graph (compared with the United Kingdom): the proportion of the working-age population who lack, but want, paid work in Scotland is similar to the UK average.
• Work and disability:
  • first graph (over time): 35% of those with a work-limiting disability are working. A further 25% lack, but want, paid work.
  • second graph (compared with the United Kingdom): the proportion of people who are both work-limiting disabled and lack, but want, paid work is somewhat higher in Scotland than in most of the rest of the UK.
• Blue collar jobs:
  • fourth graph (by gender): four in ten full-time male workers are in production industries, compared to around one in ten full-time female workers and part-time workers.
  • fifth graph (by industry): manufacturing, construction and other production industries are the areas which are dominated by full-time male workers.
• Low pay by industry:
  • first graph (risks): more than half of employees in the hotel, restaurant, retail and wholesale sectors are paid less than £7 per hour, around two-thirds of them being women.
  • second graph (shares): almost half of all low-paid employees work in the hotel, restaurant, retail and wholesale sectors. A further fifth work in the public sector.
• Insecure at work:
  • third graph (temporary/part-time): most part-time employees do not want a full-time job - but only a fifth of temporary employees do not want a permanent job.
  • fourth graph (temporary contracts): although rising in recent years, the number of people in temporary contracts is still somewhat lower than a decade ago.
  • fifth graph (union membership): only one in six workers earning less than £7 an hour belong to a trade union, a much smaller proportion than for those with higher hourly earnings.
• Access to training:
  • first graph (over time): throughout the last decade, people with no qualifications have been around three times less likely to receive job-related training than those with some qualifications.
  • second graph (by level of qualification): the lower a person's level of educational qualifications, the less likely they are to receive job-related training.
  • third graph (by occupation): access to training differs significantly by occupation, being least in elementary (routine) occupations and for plant & machine operatives.
  • fourth graph (by industry): the best access to training is in the public sector.

Updated Wales indicators

• Impact of qualifications on work:
  • first graph (lack of work): the lower a person's qualifications, the more likely they are to be lacking but wanting paid work.
  • second graph (low pay): the lower a person's qualifications, the more likely they are to be low paid.
• Not in education, employment or training:
  • first graph (over time): around one in ten 16- to 18-year-olds are not in education, employment or training.
  • second graph (compared with the UK): the proportion of 16- to 18-year-olds who are not in education, employment or training in Wales is similar to the UK average.
• Young adult unemployment:
  • first and second graphs (over time): at 24%, the unemployment rate for 16- to 24-year-olds has doubled since 2004 and is now much higher than the previous peak in the early 1990s. It is more than three times the rate for older workers.
  • third graph (compared with the United Kingdom): the unemployment rate for 16- to 24-year-olds in Wales is somewhat above the UK average.
• Wanting paid work:
  • first graph (over time): the number of people who lack, but want, paid work has been rising since 2005, not just during the current recession.
  • second graph (by age and sex): for women of all ages, and for older men, those who are economically inactive but wanting paid work substantially outnumber the officially unemployed.
  • third graph (by reason): more than half of those who lack, but want, paid work are not officially unemployed.
  • fifth graph (compared with the United Kingdom): the proportion of the working-age population who lack, but want, paid work is somewhat higher in Wales than in most other parts of the UK.
• Work and disability:
  • first graph (over time): 35% of those with a work-limiting disability are working. A further 25% lack, but want, paid work.
  • second graph (compared with the United Kingdom): the proportion of people who are both work-limiting disabled and lack, but want, paid work is higher in Wales than in most of the rest of the UK.
• Blue collar jobs:
  • fourth graph (by gender): four in ten full-time male workers are in production industries, compared to around one in ten full-time female workers and part-time workers.
  • fifth graph (by industry): manufacturing, construction and other production industries are the areas which are dominated by full-time male workers.
• Low pay by industry:
  • first graph (risks): more than half of employees in the hotel, restaurant, retail and wholesale sectors are paid less than £7 per hour, around two-thirds of them being women.
  • second graph (shares): two-fifths of all low-paid employees work in the hotel, restaurant, retail and wholesale sectors. A further fifth work in the public sector.
• Insecure at work:
  • third graph (temporary/part-time): most part-time employees do not want a full-time job - but only a fifth of temporary employees do not want a permanent job.
  • fourth graph (temporary contracts): the number of people in temporary contracts is similar to a decade ago.
  • fifth graph (union membership): only one in nine workers earning less than £7 an hour belong to a trade union, a much smaller proportion than for those on higher earnings.
• Access to training:
  • first graph (by level of qualification): the lower a person's level of educational qualifications, the less likely they are to receive job-related training.
  • second graph (by occupation): access to training differs significantly by occupation, being least in elementary (routine) occupations, plant & machine operatives and skilled trades.
  • third graph (by industry): the best access to training is in the public sector.
• Homelessness:
  • first graph (over time): the number of newly homeless households has halved since 2004 but is still around 9,000 households a year.
  • second graph (by family type): three-quarters of those officially recognised as homeless do not have dependent children and most of the others are lone parents. Very few are couples with children.
  • third graph (by reason): the biggest reason for becoming homeless is loss of accommodation provided by relatives or friends.
  • fourth graph and map (by local authority): every local authority has a homelessness problem, but the greatest problems appear to be in Swansea.

Updated Northern Ireland indicators

• Impact of qualifications on work:
  • first graph (lack of work): the lower a person's qualifications, the more likely they are to be lacking but wanting paid work.
  • second graph (low pay): the lower a person's qualifications, the more likely they are to be low paid.
• Not in education, employment or training:
  • first graph (over time): around one in twelve 16- to 18-year-olds are now not in education, employment or training, seemingly much higher than a decade ago.
  • second graph (compared with Great Britain): the proportion of 16- to 18-year-olds who are not in education, employment or training is lower in Northern Ireland than in any of the regions of Great Britain.
• Young adult unemployment:
  • first and second graphs (over time): at 19% in 2010, the unemployment rate for 16- to 24-year-olds has risen sharply in the last few years. It is more than three times the rate for older workers.
  • third graph (compared with the United Kingdom): the unemployment rate for 16- to 24-year-olds in Northern Ireland is lower than in most of the regions of Great Britain.
• Wanting paid work:
  • first graph (over time): unemployment rose sharply in 2009 and 2010, but the number of people classified as economically inactive but wanting paid work remained broadly unchanged.
  • second graph (compared to Great Britain): Northern Ireland has a lower proportion of its working-age population who lack, but want, paid work than any of the regions in Great Britain.
  • third graph (total lacking work): Northern Ireland has more of its working-age population not in paid work than any region in Great Britain.
• Work and disability:
  • first graph (over time): 30% of those with a work-limiting disability are working. A further 15% would like to work but 55% do not want paid work.
  • second graph (compared to Great Britain): the proportion of people who are both work-limiting disabled and lack, but want, paid work is lower in Northern Ireland than in any of the regions of Great Britain.
• Work and religion:
  • first graph (over time): throughout the last decade, employment rates have been somewhat lower for Catholics than for Protestants.
  • second graph (unemployment): for all age groups, unemployment rates for Catholics are higher than for Protestants.
  • third graph (economic inactivity): for all age groups, economic inactivity rates for Catholics are higher than for Protestants.
• Blue collar jobs:
  • sixth graph (by gender and occupation): women predominate in personal service, administrative and secretarial jobs whilst men predominate in skilled trades and as process, plant & machine operatives.
• Low pay by industry:
  • first graph (risks): more than half of employees in the hotel, restaurant, retail and wholesale sectors are paid less than £7 per hour, the majority of them being women.
  • second graph (shares): two-fifths of all low-paid employees work in the hotel, restaurant, retail and wholesale sectors. A further fifth work in the public sector.
• Insecure at work:
  • first graph (temporary/part-time): most part-time employees do not want a full-time job - but only a quarter of temporary employees do not want a permanent job.
  • second graph (temporary contracts): the number of people in temporary contracts has remained broadly unchanged throughout the last decade.
  • third graph (union membership): less than one in ten workers earning less than £7 an hour belong to a trade union, a much smaller proportion than for those on higher earnings.
• Access to training:
  • first graph (by level of qualification): people with no qualifications are much less likely to receive any job-related training.
  • second graph (by occupation): access to training differs significantly by occupation, being least in elementary (routine) occupations, plant & machine operatives and skilled trades.
  • third graph (by industry): the best access to training is in financial services and the public sector.
• Working-age adults without qualifications:
  • first graph (over time): the proportion of the working age population without any educational qualifications has fallen by a quarter over the last decade.
  • second graph (by age and gender): the proportion of people under who lack basic qualifications rises sharply with age.
  • third graph (compared to Great Britain): the proportion of the working-age population without any educational qualifications is much higher in Northern Ireland than in any of the regions in Great Britain.
• Polarisation by housing tenure:
  • first graph (over time): The proportion of social sector households where the head of the household is not in paid work is similar to a decade ago.
  • fourth graph (compared to Great Britain): three-quarters of heads of households in social housing in Northern Ireland are not in work, more than in any region of Great Britain.
• Overcrowding:
  • first graph (over time): 4% of people live in overcrowded conditions, down from 8% a decade ago.
  • second graph (by tenure): overcrowding is twice as prevalent in social rented housing as in owner-occupation.
• Victims of crime:
  • second graph (worries about crime): worries about crime differ substantially by both household income and gender.

Updated rural England indicators

• Homelessness:
  • first graph (compared to urban): the proportion of households accepted as newly homeless by their local authority is much lower in rural districts than in urban districts.

Updated local area data

• Homelessness (England and Wales only; district-level spreadsheet and map).

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February 2011

Updated UK indicators

• Low birthweight babies:
  • third graph (by region): the proportion of babies who are of low birthweight is similar in all regions of Great Britain.
• Infant deaths:
  • second graph (by region): the rate of infant deaths in the West Midlands is one-and-a-half times that in the South East.
• Underage pregnancies:
  • first and second graphs (over time): the overall number of underage conceptions is similar to a decade ago, although a lower proportion now lead to actual births.
  • fourth graph (by region): the underage conception rate is highest in the North East of England.
• Educational attainment at age 11:
  • second graph (by free school meal eligibility and gender): 11-year-old pupils eligible for free school meals are around twice as likely not to achieve basic standards in literacy and numeracy as other 11-year-old pupils.
  • third graph (by free school meal eligibility and ethnicity): differences in achievement between 11-year old pupils by eligibility for school meals are greatest (by far) amongst White British pupils.
• Educational attainment at age 16:
  • second graph (by free school meal eligibility and gender): 15% of all boys eligible for free school meals do not obtain 5 or more GCSEs.
  • third graph (by free school meal eligibility and ethnicity): 16% of all White British pupils eligible for free school meals do not obtain 5 or more GCSEs, a much higher proportion than that any for other ethnic group.
• Looked-after children:
  • second graph (educational attainment): although falling, a quarter of looked-after children still obtain no qualifications and a further quarter obtain fewer than five GCSEs or equivalent.

Updated Scotland indicators

• Infant deaths:
  • second graph (by local authority): the authorities with the highest rate of infant deaths are Shetlands and Inverclyde.
  • third graph (compared with the UK): the rate of infant deaths in Scotland is somewhat lower than that in most of the other regions of the UK.
• Help from social services:
  • first graph (over time): the number of people aged 65 and over receiving home care fell by a third between 1996 and 2002 but has remained fairly steady since then.
  • second graph and map (by local authority): Argyll & Bute and Perth & Kinross provide home care to less than a half as many older people as West Dunbartonshire.

Updated Wales indicators

• Low birthweight babies:
  • first graph (over time): the proportion of babies born with a low birthweight is similar to a decade ago.
  • third graph (by local authority): the proportion of babies born with a low birthweight is highest in Blaenau Gwent and Merthyr Tydfil.
  • fourth graph (compared with Great Britain): the proportion of babies who are of low birthweight in Wales is similar to the Great Britain average.
• Infant deaths:
  • second graph (by local authority): the rate of infant deaths is lowest in Monmouthshire and Merthyr Tydfil.
  • third graph (compared with the UK): the rate of infant deaths in Wales is somewhat lower than that in most of the other regions of the UK.
• Underage pregnancies:
  • first graph (over time): the number of pregnancies to girls conceiving under age 16 is lower than a decade ago, with most of the reduction having been in births rather than in abortions.
  • third graph (compared to Great Britain): the underage conception rate amongst girls in Wales is similar to the Great Britain average.
• School exclusions:
  • first graph (over time): in the last few years, the annual number of children permanently excluded from school has halved, fallen around 400 to around 200.

Updated Northern Ireland indicators

• Infant deaths:
  • second graph (by local authority): the rate of infant deaths in Strabane is twice that in Ballymena.
  • third graph (compared with Great Britain): the rate of infant deaths in Northern Ireland is similar to the average in Great Britain.
• Educational attainment at age 11:
  • first graph (over time): although improving, 11-year-olds in schools with a high proportion receiving free school meals are still one-and-a-half times as likely not to reach level 4 at Key Stage 2 as 11-year-olds on average.
  • second graph (by deprivation): at schools with high levels of deprivation, fewer 11-year-olds in Catholic schools do not achieve level 4 at Key Stage 2 than 11-year-olds in other schools.

Updated rural England indicators

• Low birthweight babies:
  • first graph (compared to urban): the proportion of babies who are of low birthweight is somewhat lower in rural districts than in urban districts.
• Infant deaths:
  • first graph (compared to urban): the rate of infant deaths is somewhat lower in rural districts than in urban districts.
• Educational attainment at age 11:
  • first graph (compared to urban): around two-fifths of pupils in rural districts who are eligible for free school meals do not achieve basic standards in literacy and numeracy.
• Educational attainment at age 16:
  • first graph (compared to urban): one in six boys in rural districts who are eligible for free school meals do not obtain 5 or more GCSEs or vocational equivalent.

Updated European indicators

• Regional cohesion:
  • first graph (overall).

Updated local area data

• Low birthweight babies (England and Wales; district-level spreadsheet and map).
• Infant deaths (Great Britain; district-level spreadsheet and map).
• Educational attainment at age 11 (England; district-level spreadsheet and map).
• Educational attainment at age 16 (England; district-level spreadsheet and map).

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January 2011

Updated UK indicators

• Educational attainment at age 11:
  • first graph (over time): substantial progress has been made in the literacy and numeracy of 11-year-olds - including those in schools with high levels of deprivation.
  • fourth graph (by region): the proportion of 11-year-olds failing to reach level 4 at Key Stage 2 is similar in all of the English regions.
• Educational attainment at age 16:
  • first and second graphs (over time): 7% of pupils in England obtained fewer than 5 GCSEs in 2009/10, down from 10% in the mid 2000s. 25% obtained fewer than 5 GCSEs at grade C or above, down from 50% a decade previously.
  • fifth graph (by region): the proportion of 16-year-olds with few GCSEs is similar in all of the English regions.
• Young adult drug use:
  • first graph (over time): at 7%, the proportion of young adults using class A drugs is somewhat lower than a decade ago.
• Premature death:
  • first graph (over time): the rate of premature death has fallen by around a fifth over the last decade. It is, however, still one and a half times as high among men as among women.
  • second graph and map (by region): premature deaths are much higher in Scotland than elsewhere, for both men and women.
• Working-age longstanding illness/disability:
  • fourth graph (by social class): adults aged 45-64 in routine and manual occupational groups are much more likely to have a limiting longstanding illness or disability than those from non-manual groups.
• Older people longstanding illness/disability:
  • fourth graph (by social class): those aged 65 and over who had routine or manual jobs are somewhat more likely to suffer a longstanding illness or disability than those with non-manual work histories.
• Anxiety among older people:
  • first graph (over time): among those aged 60 or over, around a quarter of women feel very unsafe out at night, four times the proportion for men, but lower than a decade ago.
  • second graph (by income): among women aged 60 and over, those from lower-income households are one and a half times as likely to feel very unsafe out at night as those from higher-income households.
• Non-decent homes:
  • first graph (over time): a third of homes in England are classified as non-decent, substantially less than in the mid-1990s.
  • second graph (by tenure): two-thirds of non-decent homes are owner-occupied.
  • third graph (by income): poor households are no more likely to live in a non-decent home than richer households.
  • fourth graph (by region): the proportion of homes in England which are non-decent varies from around 40% in the South West to less than 30% in the North East.
  • fifth graph (by type of area): the proportion of homes which are non-decent is much higher in the more rural areas.
• Energy inefficient homes:
  • first graph (over time): the proportion of dwellings in England which are very energy inefficient has been declining for all types of tenure, but most sharply in the social rented sector.
  • second graph (by tenure): three-quarters of homes which are very energy inefficient are owner-occupied and a further fifth are private rented.
  • third graph (by income): for any given tenure, the proportion of homes which are very energy inefficient does not vary much by level of income.
  • fourth graph (by region): the proportion of homes which are very energy inefficient is higher in the South West than elsewhere in England.
  • fifth graph (by type of area): the proportion of dwellings which are very energy inefficient is much higher in the most rural areas.
• Fuel poverty:
  • first graph (over time): 3.3 million households in England were classified as being in fuel poverty in 2008, much higher than a few years ago but still lower than in the mid-1990s.
  • second graph (by tenure): fuel poverty is most common among those live in private rented accommodation.
  • third graph (by income): although the risk of fuel poverty rises sharply as income falls, there are many households in the poorest fifth who are not in fuel poverty and many households not in the poorest fifth who are in fuel poverty.
  • fourth graph (by energy efficiency): the risk of fuel poverty rises as the energy efficiency of homes falls, so the risk is greatest when low income is combined with energy inefficiency.
  • fifth graph (by household type): single-person households are much more likely to be in fuel poverty than other household types, both overall and among those in low income.
  • sixth graph (by type of area): Rural households are much more likely to be in fuel poverty than urban households, both overall and among those in low income.
  • seventh graph (by region): within England, fuel poverty is most prevalent in the North East and West Midlands.
• Overcrowding:
  • second graph (by tenure): overcrowding is four times as prevalent in social rented housing as in owner-occupation.
• Mortgage re-possessions:
  • second graph (by work status): one in seven heads of households with a mortgage is not in full-time work, a similar proportion to a decade ago but much higher than 30 years ago.
• Dissatisfaction with local area:
  • first graph (over time): low-income households are more likely than richer households to feel dissatisfied with the area they live in, but the proportion is still small.
  • second graph (by group): the groups most likely to be dissatisfied with their local area are those living in deprived areas, lone parents and social renters.
  • third graph (perceptions): a quarter of people think that their local area has been getting worse over time compared with only one in ten who think it has been getting better.
  • fourth graph (by subject): the perception that there are serious problems is more prevalent in deprived areas than in non-deprived areas, with litter/rubbish being the subject most often cited as a problem.
• Victims of crime:
  • fifth graph (worries by type of adult): adults on low incomes, in bad health, living in inner city areas and social renting are all more likely to be very worried about being a victim of crime than adults on average.

Updated Scotland indicators

• Low pay by gender:
  • first graph (by age): at all ages, at least a quarter of part-time employees who are paid less than £7 per hour. Except for the 18-21 age group, the proportion of full-time employees paid less than £7 per hour is much lower.
  • second graph (shares by gender): more than half of those paid less than £7 per hour are part-time workers, mainly women.
  • third graph (shares by age): almost half of those on adult rates paid less than £7 per hour are aged 40 or over.
• Premature death:
  • first graph (over time): throughout the last decade, the rate of premature deaths in Scotland has been much higher than in England and Wales.
  • second graph (compared with the United Kingdom): premature deaths are much higher in Scotland than elsewhere, for both men and women.
  • third graph and map (by local authority): The rate of deaths of those aged under 65 in the worst area - Glasgow - is twice as high as that in some other authorities.
  • fourth graph (those aged 55 to 64): throughout the last decade, the rate of deaths amongst those aged 55 to 64 in Scotland has been at least a quarter higher than in England and Wales for both men and women.

Updated Wales indicators

• Low birthweight babies:
  • second graph (by population group): babies born to lone parents are more likely to be of low birthweight than babies born to couples.
• Underage pregnancies:
  • second graph and map (by local authority): the conception rate for girls under the age of 16 is highest in Rhondda Cynon Taff and Merthyr Tydfil.
• Educational attainment at age 11:
  • first graph (over time): the proportion of 11-year-olds in deprived schools failing to achieve level 4 at Key Stage 2 has fallen considerably, but is still much higher than for 11-year-olds on average.
• Educational attainment at age 16:
  • first graph (over time): around one in ten 16-year-olds do not obtain 5 or more GCSEs or vocational equivalent. This is a much lower proportion than that of a decade ago.
  • second graph (by level of deprivation): although the gaps are less than a decade ago, GCSE results are still strongly linked with deprivation.
  • third graph (by local authority): twice as many pupils in Blaenau Gwent do not obtain 5 or more GCSEs or vocational equivalent as in some other authorities.
• Without a basic qualification at age 19:
  • first graph (over time): around one in four 19-year-olds lacks a basic level of qualification.
  • second graph (by age): although a half of young adults have not obtained a Level 2 qualification at age 16, this proportion reduces to a quarter by age 22.
• Low pay by gender:
  • first graph (by age): at all ages, at least a third of part-time employees who are paid less than £7 per hour. Except for the 18-21 age group, the proportion of full-time employees paid less than £7 per hour is much lower.
  • second graph (shares by gender): more than half of those paid less than £7 per hour are part-time workers, mainly women.
  • third graph (shares by age): almost half of those on adult rates paid less than £7 per hour are aged 40 or over.
• Premature death:
  • first graph (over time): the rate of premature death has declined by a sixth over the last decade, with both the rate and the trend being similar to that of the rest of Great Britain.
  • second graph and map (by local authority): the rate of premature death is highest in Merthyr Tydfil.
• Help for older people from social services:
  • first graph (over time): the number of people aged 65 and over receiving home care almost halved between 1994 and 2001 but has remained fairly steady since then.

Updated Northern Ireland indicators

• Out-of-work benefit recipients:
  • first graph (over time): the rise in the number of unemployed claimants in the latest two years has more than offset all the reductions in the previous decade. Despite this rise, the biggest group of benefit claimants remains those who are sick or disabled.
  • fourth graph and map (by local authority): the proportion of working-age people who are in receipt of out-of-work benefits is much higher in Derry, Strabane and Belfast than elsewhere - almost twice the rate of many other areas.
• Long-term working-age recipients of out-of-work benefits:
  • first graph (over time): four-fifths of working-age people receiving a key out-of-work benefit for two years or more are now sick or disabled.
• Concentrations of poor children:
  • first graph (over time): half of all the primary school children who are eligible for free school meals are concentrated in a fifth of the schools.
  • second graph (by type of school): pupils eligible for free school meals have, on average, almost twice as many pupils in their school eligible for free school meals.
• Underage pregnancies:
  • first graph (over time): the rate of births to girls aged 13 to 16 in the most deprived fifth of areas is three times that for girls in the rest of the country.
• Premature death:
  • first graph (over time): the rate of premature death has declined by 15% over the last decade, with both the rate and the trend being similar to that of Great Britain.
  • second graph (by social class): the rate of premature deaths among those in routine and manual occupations is more than twice that among those in managerial and professional occupations.

Updated rural England indicators

• Underage pregnancies:
  • first graph (compared to urban): underage pregnancies are much lower in rural districts than in urban districts.
• Premature death:
  • first graph (compared to urban): somewhat fewer people in rural districts die prematurely than in urban districts.
  • second graph (over time): as in urban districts, the rate of premature death in rural districts has fallen over the last decade.
• Anxiety among older people:
  • first graph (compared to urban): in both rural and urban areas, older women from low-income households are more likely to feel very unsafe out at night than those from higher-income households.
• Polarisation by housing tenure:
  • second graph (by work status): in two-thirds of households in social housing in rural areas, the head of the household is not in paid work. This compares with a third of households in other tenures.
• Non-decent homes:
  • first graph (compared to urban): the proportion of homes which are 'non-decent' is much higher in the more rural areas.
• Energy inefficient homes:
  • first graph (compared to urban): the proportion of dwellings which are very energy inefficient is much higher in the most rural areas.
• Fuel poverty:
  • first graph (compared with urban): the proportion of households who are in fuel poverty is much higher in the most rural areas.
  • second graph (over time): as overall levels of fuel poverty have fallen and then risen, it is the most rural areas that have been affected the most.
• Overcrowding:
  • first graph (compared to urban): the proportion of people who are living in overcrowded conditions is much lower in the more rural areas than in urban areas.
• Mortgages:
  • first graph (compared to urban): in both rural and urban areas, around one in seven heads of households with a mortgage is not in full-time work.
• Dissatisfaction with local area:
  • first graph (dissatisfaction): only small proportion of households in rural areas - including low-income households - are dissatisfied with their local area.
  • second graph (fear of crime): fear of crime is much lower in rural areas than in urban areas.
• Victims of crime:
  • first graph (by housing tenure): levels of burglary are much lower in rural areas than in urban areas. For both rural and urban areas, households in rented accommodation are much more likely to be burgled than owner-occupiers.
  • second graph (by household income): for both rural and urban areas, low-income households are somewhat more likely to be burgled than those on average and above-average incomes.

Updated local area data

• Premature deaths (Great Britain; district-level spreadsheet and map).

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© Guy Palmer | info@poverty.org.uk