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Notes

What is new

December 2009

New reports

The Joseph Rowntree Foundation's latest UK-wide report was published on 4 December.

View the full report as PDF

View the executive summary as PDF

Updated UK indicators

• Dental health among children:
  • second graph (by region): 5-year-olds in the North of England have, on average, more missing, decayed or filled teeth then 5-year-olds in the South (excluding London) or the Midlands.
• Educational attainment at age 11:
  • first graph (over time): substantial progress has been made in the literacy and numeracy of 11-year-olds - including those in schools with high levels of deprivation.
• Without a basic qualification at age 19:
  • fifth graph (compared to the European Union): the proportion of young adults in the UK without a basic level of qualification is somewhat higher than that in most other European Union countries.
• Excess winter deaths:
  • first graph (over time): each year around 20,000 more people aged 65 or over die in winter months than in other months.
  • second graph (by region): the rate of excess winter deaths amongst those aged 65 and over is similar in all regions.
• Access to transport:
  • second graph (access to essential services): the proportion of households who find it difficult to access essential local services is much higher for those without cars than for those with cars.
• Non-decent homes:
  • first graph (over time): Using the traditional definition of 'non-decency', a quarter of homes in England were classified as non-decent in 2006 compared to almost a half a decade earlier.
  • second graph (by tenure): two-thirds of non-decent homes are owner-occupied.
  • third graph (by income): poor households are no more likely to live in a non-decent home than richer households.
  • fourth graph (by region): the proportion of homes in each region which are non-decent varies but with no clear geographic pattern.
  • fifth graph (by type of area): the proportion of homes which are non-decent is much higher in the more rural areas and lowest in the suburbs.
• Energy-inefficient homes:
  • first graph (over time): the proportion of dwellings in England which are very energy inefficient has been declining for all types of tenure, but most sharply in the social rented sector.
  • second graph (by tenure): Three-quarters of homes which are very energy inefficient are owner-occupied and a further fifth are private rented.
  • third graph (by income): for any given tenure, the proportion of homes which are very energy inefficient does not vary much by level of income.
  • fourth graph (by region): the proportion of homes which are very energy inefficient is higher in the South West than elsewhere in England.
  • fifth graph (by type of area): The proportion of dwellings which are very energy inefficient is much higher in the most rural areas.
• Fuel poverty:
  • third graph (by income): although the risk of fuel poverty rises sharply as income falls, there are many households in the poorest fifth who are not in fuel poverty and many households not in the poorest fifth who are in fuel poverty.
  • fourth graph (by energy efficiency): the risk of fuel poverty rises as the energy efficiency of homes falls, so the risk is greatest when low income is combined with energy inefficiency.
  • fifth graph (by household type): single-person households are much more likely to be in fuel poverty than other household types, both overall and among those in low income.
  • sixth graph (by type of area): among low-income households, those in rural areas are much more likely to be in fuel poverty than those in urban areas.
• Overcrowding:
  • second graph (by tenure): overcrowding is four times as prevalent in social rented housing as in owner-occupation.
  • fourth graph (by owner/renter status): a third of adults living in overcrowded conditions neither own nor rent the property they are living in.
• Mortgage repossessions:
  • second graph (by work status): one in eight heads of households with a mortgage is not in full-time work, a similar proportion to a decade ago but much higher than 25 years ago.
  • third graph (by income): 500,000 homeowners in the poorest fifth expend more than a quarter of their after tax income on mortgage interest repayments. This represents half of all mortgage holders in the poorest fifth.
• Dissatisfaction with local area:
  • first graph (over time): Low-income households are more likely than richer households to feel dissatisfied with the area they live in, but the proportion is still small.
  • second graph (by group): The groups most likely to be dissatisfied with their local area are social renters and lone parents.

Updated Scotland indicators

• Destination of school leavers:
  • first graph (over time): the proportion of school leavers who are in not in education or training has fallen considerably since 2006/07.
  • second graph (by local authority): there are big variations between local authorities in the proportion of school leavers going into education, into training and into work.
  • third graph (by sector): the vast majority of school leavers from the independent sector go on to further or higher education whereas only three-fifths from publicly funded schools do so.
  • fourth graph (by type of school): school leavers previously registered for free school meals are much more likely than others not to be in education, training or work.
• Low pay by gender:
  • first graph (by age): at all ages, the proportion of part-time employees who are paid less than £7 per hour is much greater than that for full-time workers.
  • second graph (shares by gender): more than half of those paid less than £7 per hour are part-time workers, mainly women.
  • third graph (shares by age): half of those on adult rates paid less than £7 per hour are aged 40 or over.
• Excess winter deaths:
  • first graph (over time): each year around 2,000 more people aged 65 or over die in winter months than in other months.
• Homelessness:
  • first graph (over time): The number of households who are newly homeless has been falling slowly over the last five years.
  • second graph (by household type): Three-fifths of those officially recognised as homeless are single adults with no dependent children. Most of the others are lone parents, with relatively few being couples.
  • third graph (by local authority): Every local authority has a homelessness problem, but Glasgow, West Dunbartonshire, Falkirk and Clackmannanshire have the greatest problems.

Updated Wales indicators

• Underage pregnancies:
  • second graph (by local authority): the conception rate for girls under the age of 16 is highest in Merthyr Tydfil, Rhondda Cynon Taff and Blaenau Gwent.
• Education attainment at age 16:
  • first graph (over time): around one in eight 16-year-olds fail to obtain 5 or more GCSEs (or vocational equivalent). This is somewhat lower than a decade ago.
  • third graph (by local authority): twice as many pupils in Blaenau Gwent and Merthyr Tydfil fail to obtain 5 or more GCSEs than in Powys and Vale of Glamorgan.
• Low pay by gender:
  • first graph (by age): at all ages, at least a third of part-time employees are paid less than £7 per hour. Except for the 18-21 age group, the proportion of full-time employees paid less than £7 per hour is much lower.
  • second graph (shares by gender): more than half of those paid less than £7 per hour are part-time workers, mainly women.
  • third graph (shares by age): half of those on adult rates paid less than £7 per hour are aged 40 or over.
• Excess winter deaths:
  • first graph (over time): each year around 1,500 more people aged 65 or over die in winter months than in other months.
  • second graph (compared to England): the rate of excess winter deaths amongst those aged 65 and over in Wales is similar to that in all of the English regions.

Updated Northern Ireland indicators

• Working age out-of work benefit recipients:
  • first graph (over time): the rise in the number of unemployed claimants in the latest year has largely offset all the reductions in the previous decade. Despite this rise, the biggest group of benefit claimants remains those who are sick or disabled.
  • fourth graph (by local authority): the proportion of working-age people who are in receipt of out-of-work benefits is much higher in Derry, Strabane and Belfast than elsewhere - almost twice the rate of many other areas.
• Long-term working-age recipients of out-of-work benefits:
  • first graph (over time): four-fifths of working-age people receiving a key out-of-work benefit for two years or more are now sick or disabled.
• Underage pregnancies:
  • first graph (over time): The rate of births to girls aged 13 to 16 in the most deprived fifth of areas is two to three times that for girls in the rest of the country.
• Location of low pay:
  • first graph (by local authority): Strabane and Cookstown have the highest proportion of workers who are paid less than £7 per hour.
  • second graph (compared to Great Britain): the proportion of full-time employees earning less than £7 per hour is higher in Northern Ireland than in any of the regions of Great Britain.
• Premature death:
  • first graph (over time): the rate of premature death was declining up to 2003 but has not declined since then.
  • second graph (by social class): the rate of premature deaths among those in routine and manual occupations is more than twice that among those in managerial and professional occupations.

Updated rural England indicators

• Polarisation by housing tenure:
  • second graph (by work status): in two-thirds of households in social housing in rural districts, the head of the household is not in paid work. This compares with a third of households in other tenures.
• Non-decent homes:
  • first graph (compared to urban): the proportion of homes which are 'non-decent' is much higher in the more rural areas.
• Energy-inefficient homes:
  • first graph (compared to urban): the proportion of dwellings which are very energy inefficient is much higher in the most rural areas.
• Fuel poverty:
  • first graph (compared to urban): the proportion of households who are in fuel poverty is much higher in the most rural areas.
  • second graph (over time): as overall levels of fuel poverty have fallen and then risen, it is the most rural areas that have been affected the most.
• Overcrowding:
  • first graph (compared to urban): the proportion of people who are living in overcrowded conditions is much lower in rural districts than in urban districts.
• Mortgage arrears:
  • first graph (compared to urban): in both rural and urban districts, one in seven heads of households with a mortgage is not in full-time work.
• Dissatisfaction with local area:
  • first graph (compared to urban): only small proportion of households in rural districts - including low-income households - are dissatisfied with their local area.

Updated European indicators

• Not in education or training:
  • first graph (18-24-year-olds).
• Life expectancy:
  • first graph (at birth).

Updated local area data

• Homelessness (Scottish local authorities in the spreadsheet only).

November 2009

Updated UK indicators

• Children in workless households:
  • fifth graph (compared to Europe): the UK has a higher proportion of its children living in workless households than any other EU country.
• Young adult low pay:
  • first and second graphs (over time): in 2009, two-thirds of all employees aged 18 to 21 - both men and women - were paid less than £7 per hour.
  • third graph (by gender and low pay threshold): for those aged 18 to 21, the distribution of pay rates are similar for men and women.
  • fourth graph (by age): between the ages of 18 and 21, half of all full-time employees are paid less than £7 per hour. This is in sharp contrast to those aged 22 and over.
• Workless households:
  • third graph (compared to Europe): the UK has a higher proportion of its working-age population living in workless households than most other EU countries.
• Numbers in low pay:
  • first and second graphs (over time): the proportion of employees aged 22 and over who were low paid fell between 2002 and 2005 but has not changed much since then. In 2009, 22% of the women - and 11% of the men - were paid less than £7 per hour.
  • third graph (by gender and low pay threshold): whatever low-pay threshold is used, the proportion of working women who are low paid is around twice that of working men.
  • fourth graph (by age): at all ages, at least a third of part-time employees are paid less than £7 per hour. Except for the 18-21 age group, the proportion of full-time employees paid less than £7 per hour is much lower.
  • fifth graph (by occupation): in two areas of occupation - elementary and sales & customer service - three-quarters of part-time employees are paid less than £7 per hour.
  • sixth graph (shares by gender): more than half of those paid less than £7 per hour are part-time workers, mainly women.
  • seventh graph (shares by age): almost half of those paid less than £7 per hour are aged 40 or over.
• Location of low pay:
  • first graph (by region): in most regions, at least a fifth of all female employees earn less than £7 per hour.
• Pay inequalities:
  • first graph (over time): pay inequalities between men and women have somewhat reduced at the bottom but not at the top.
  • second graph (by gender): two-fifths of all part-time workers - both men and women - are paid less than £7 per hour.
  • third graph (by region): pay inequalities are greater in London, South East and East than elsewhere.
• Fuel poverty:
  • first graph (over time): 2.8 million households in England were classified as being in fuel poverty in 2007, lower than in 1996 but higher than at any point this decade.
  • second graph (by housing tenure): fuel poverty is most common among those live in private rented accommodation.
  • seventh graph (by region): within England, fuel poverty is most prevalent in the North East.

Updated Scotland indicators

• Location of low pay:
  • first graph (by local authority): The proportion of employees workers earning less than £7 per hour is highest in Clackmannanshire, Highland, Dumfries & Galloway and Moray.
  • second graph (compared with the rest of the United Kingdom): Scotland has a somewhat lower proportion of employees earning less than £7 per hour than most other parts of the United Kingdom.
• Pay inequalities:
  • first graph (over time): Pay inequalities between men and women have reduced at the bottom but not at the top.
  • second graph (by gender): two-fifths of all part-time workers - both men and women - are paid less than £7 per hour.

Updated Wales indicators

• Location of low pay:
  • first graph (by local authority): The proportion of employees workers earning less than £7 per hour is highest in Gwynedd and Pembrokeshire.
  • second graph (compared with the rest of the United Kingdom): Wales has a somewhat higher proportion of employees earning less than £7 per hour than most other parts of the United Kingdom.
• Pay inequalities:
  • first graph (over time): at both the top and the bottom of the pay scale, rates of pay for women have become closer to rates of pay for men, but are still lower.
  • second graph (by gender): almost half of all part-time workers - both men and women - earn less than £7 an hour.

Updated Northern Ireland indicators

• Lacking consumer durables:
  • first graph (over time): the proportion of households lacking selected consumer durables has fallen considerably over the last decade.
  • second graph (by income): for some consumer durables, the proportion of low-income households lacking them is much higher than that for households on average incomes.
• Low pay by gender:
  • first graph (by age): at all ages, at least a quarter of part-time employees are paid less than £7 per hour.
  • second graph (share by gender): almost half of those paid less than £7 per hour are part-time workers, mainly women.
  • third graph (shares by age): around a third of those paid less than £7 per hour are aged 40 or over.
• Pay inequalities:
  • first graph (over time): at both the top and the bottom of the pay scale, rates of pay for women have become closer to rates of pay for men, but are still lower.
  • second graph (by gender): two-fifths of all part-time workers - both men and women - are paid less than £7 per hour.
  • third graph (compared to Great Britain): overall pay inequalities in Northern Ireland are similar to those in most of the regions in Great Britain.
• Older people in low income:
  • third graph (by local authority): the proportion of people aged 60 and over in receipt of guaranteed Pension Credit is highest in Cookstown, Derry and Strabane.
• Overcrowding:
  • first graph (over time): 4% of people live in overcrowded conditions, down from 8% a decade ago.
  • second graph (by housing tenure): overcrowding is twice as prevalent in social rented housing as in owner-occupation.

Updated rural England indicators

• Numbers in low pay:
  • first graph (rates by residency): low pay is slightly more prevalent in the most rural districts.
  • second graph (rates by place of work): low pay is more prevalent the more rural the district.
  • third graph (shares): 1.4 million employees living in rural districts are paid less than £7 per hour. This is two-fifths of all those paid less than £7 per hour.

Updated European indicators

• Jobless households:
  • first graph (children).
  • second graph (adults).

Updated local area data

• Low pay (lower tier map and spreadsheet).

October 2009

Updated UK indicators

• Looked-after children:
  • first graph (over time): there are 60,000 looked-after children in England, slightly more than a decade ago.
  • third graph (status at age 19): a third of previously looked-after children are not in education, employment or training at age 19.
• Young adults with a criminal record:
  • second graph (by ethnic group): black young adults are more than three times as likely as white young adults to be in prison.

Updated Wales indicators

• Older people - help from social services:
  • first graph (over time): the number of people aged 65 and over receiving home care almost halved between 1994 and 2001 but has remained fairly steady since then.

Updated Northern Ireland indicators

• Working age out-of work benefit recipients:
  • second graph (sick or disabled - by reason): almost half of all claimants of out-of-work disability benefits have mental or behaviour conditions.
  • third graph (sick or disabled - by age): two-fifths of all claimants of out-of-work disability benefits are aged 44 or less.
• Long-term working-age recipients of out-of-work benefits:
  • second graph (sick or disabled - by age): two-thirds of the long-term claimants of out-of-work disability benefits are aged less than 55 and a third are aged less than 45.
• Homelessness:
  • first graph (over time): Although now falling, the number of households presenting as homeless is still much higher than a decade ago. Most of the increase has been households without dependent children.
  • second graph (by household type): Two-thirds of those presenting as homeless do not have dependent children and around half of these are aged 25 or over.
  • third graph (by reason): There are many reasons why people present as homeless.

- September 2009

New reports

We have produced a comprehensive and up-to-date analysis of poverty and social exclusion in rural England for the Commission for Rural Communities.

View the full report as PDF

The Joseph Rowntree Foundation has published an updated analysis of poverty and social exclusion in Northern Ireland.

View the analysis as PDF

Updated UK indicators

• In receipt of tax credits:
  • third graph (by income group): only a quarter of tax credit recipients are no longer in low income because of the tax credit monies received.
• Children in receipt of tax credits:
  • first graph (over time): tax credits now take around 1 million children in working families out of low income - but a million more children need this support than a decade ago.
  • second graph (by group): only a quarter of the children in working families in receipt of tax credits are no longer in low income because of the tax credit monies received.
  • third graph (by family type): tax credits are more effective in taking children in lone parent families out of low income than they are for those in couple families.
• Concentrations of poor children:
  • first graph (over time): half of all the primary school children who are eligible for free school meals are concentrated in a fifth of the schools, a similar proportion to a decade ago.
  • second graph (by phase of education): pupils eligible for free school meals have, on average, twice as many pupils in their school eligible for free school meals.
  • third graph (by region): two-thirds of all local education primary and nursery schools in inner London have a high proportion of their children eligible for free school meals.
• Not in education, employment or training:
  • fourth graph (by ethnic group): the proportion of White 16-year-olds who do not continue in full time education is much higher than that for any ethnic minority, but many are undertaking some form of training.
• Premature deaths:
  • first graph (over time): the rate of premature death has fallen by a sixth over the last decade. It is, however, still one and a half times as high among men as among women.
  • second graph and map (by region): premature deaths are much higher in Scotland than elsewhere, particularly for men.

Updated Scotland indicators

• Low birthweight babies:
  • first graph (over time): the proportion of babies born with a low birthweight is similar to a decade ago.
  • second graph (by deprivation of area): babies born to parents in high-deprivation areas are much more likely to be of low birthweight than those in low-deprivation areas.
  • third graph and map (by health board): the proportion of babies who are of low birthweight is similar across most of Scotland.
• Wanting paid work:
  • fourth graph and map (by local authority): the proportion of the working-age population who lack, but want, paid work is twice as high in Inverclyde, Glasgow and North Ayrshire as in some other local authority areas.
• Premature deaths:
  • first graph (over time): Throughout the last decade, the rate of premature deaths in Scotland has been much higher than in England and Wales.
  • second graph (compared with the rest of Great Britain): premature deaths are much higher in Scotland than elsewhere, particularly for men.
  • third graph and map (by local authority): the rate of deaths of those aged under 65 in the worst area - Glasgow - is twice as high as in some other authorities.
• Burglaries:
  • first graph (over time): the number of burglaries recorded by the police has halved over the last decade.
  • second graph (by local authority): in terms of recorded crime, Aberdeen has by far the greatest burglary problem.

Updated Wales indicators

• Wanting paid work:
  • fourth graph and map (by local authority): the proportion of the working-age population who lack, but want, paid work is highest in Blaenau Gwent and Merthyr Tydfil.
• Premature deaths:
  • first graph (over time): over the last decade, the rate of premature death has fallen in Wales as elsewhere in Great Britain.
  • second graph and map (by local authority): the rate of premature death is highest in Merthyr Tydfil and Blaenau Gwent.

Updated Northern Ireland indicators

• Disability living allowance recipients:
  • first graph (over time): the proportion of working-age people in receipt of Disability Living Allowance in Northern Ireland is twice the level in Great Britain.

Updated rural England indicators

• Young adult unemployment:
  • first graph (compared to urban): although lower than in urban districts, the unemployment rate for 16- to 24-year-olds in rural districts is four times that for older workers.
  • second graph (shares): In the three years to 2008, 160,000 16- to 24-year-olds in rural districts were unemployed.
• Wanting paid work:
  • first graph (compared to urban): those officially unemployed in rural districts represent less than half of the total numbers in rural districts who lack, but want, paid work.
  • second graph (shares): 900,000 working-age adults in rural districts lack, but want, paid work.
• Numbers in low pay:
  • fourth graph (rates by job type and gender): as in urban districts, part-time workers in rural districts - both men and women - are much more likely to be earning less than £7 per hour than full-time workers.
  • fifth graph (shares by job type and gender): almost half of those paid less than £7 per hour in rural districts are part-time workers, mainly women.
• Low pay by industry:
  • first graph (compared to urban): As in urban districts, low pay in rural districts is much more prevalent in distribution, hotels and restaurants than in other industry sectors.
  • second graph (shares): two-fifths of workers in rural districts earning less than £7 per hour work in distribution, hotels and restaurants. A further quarter work in the public sector.
• Access to training:
  • first graph (compared to urban): in both rural and urban districts, employees without educational qualifications are much less likely to receive any job-related training than those with qualifications.
• Working-age adults without qualifications:
  • first graph (compared to urban): just over one in ten people of working age in rural districts have no educational qualifications.
  • second graph (shares): one million people aged 20 to retirement in rural districts have no educational qualifications.
• Premature deaths:
  • first graph (compared to urban): somewhat fewer people in rural districts die prematurely than in urban districts.
  • second graph (over time): as in urban districts, the rate of premature death in rural districts has fallen over the last decade.

Updated local area data

• Lacking, but wanting, paid work (lower tier map and spreadsheet).
• Premature deaths (lower tier map and spreadsheet).

August 2009

Updated UK indicators

• Numbers in low income:
  • first and second graphs (over time): the number of people on low incomes rose in 2007/08 for the third year in a row. This rise occurred at all thresholds of low income.
  • third graph (fixed low-income threshold): the number of people below a fixed 1996/97 low-income threshold rose in 2007/08 for the third year in a row, after having halved in the previous eight years.
• Location of low income:
  • first graph (by region): the proportion of people on low income has fallen over the last decade in all the regions except for the West Midlands. London now has a much higher proportion than any other region.
  • second graph (by rural/urban): whilst the proportion of people on low income is highest in the major urban conurbations, all types of local authority district have at least a sixth of their population in low income.
  • maps of working-age recipiency of out-of-work benefits and older people recipiency of pension credit.
• The impact of housing costs:
  • first graph (over time): the numbers of people in low income on a 'before deducting housing costs' measure has followed a similar pattern over time to that on an 'after deducting housing costs' measure.
  • second graph (by region): the proportion of people in low income in Southern England (particularly London) is much higher on an 'after deducting housing costs' measure than on a 'before deducting housing costs' measure.
  • third graph (housing costs): housing costs for households with below-average incomes are much higher in London and much lower in Northern Ireland.
• Low income by age group
  • first graph (over time - risks): the proportion of pensioners who live in low-income households is much lower than a decade ago, the proportion for children is a bit lower, and the proportion for working-age adults without dependent children is a bit higher.
  • second graph (over time - numbers): the only group where the number of low-income people is higher than a decade ago is working-age adults without dependent children.
  • third graph (shares): a third of all people in low-income households are working-age adults without dependent children.
  • fourth graph (by age): the heightened risk that children face of living in a low-income household does not end at the formal end of childhood but continues through to the age of 21.
• Low income by family type
  • first graph (by family type): a half of all people in lone parent families are in low income.  This is more than twice the rate for couples with children.
  • second graph (depth of low income): the vast majority of people with very low incomes are either working-age adults without children or in couples with children.  Relatively few are either pensioners or in lone parent families.
• Low income and ethnicity:
  • first graph (over time): around two-fifths of people from ethnic minorities live in low- income households, twice the rate for White people.
  • second graph (by ethnic group): whilst rates have been falling for all ethnic groups, more than half of people from Bangladeshi and Pakistani ethnic backgrounds still live in low-income households.
  • third graph (by age group): for all ages, people from ethnic minorities are, on average, much more likely to live in low-income households than White British people.
  • fourth graph (by family work status): for all work statuses, people from ethnic minorities are, on average, more likely to live in low-income households than White British people. The gap is biggest for part-working families.
  • fifth graph (in working families): among those in working families, around 60% of Bangladeshis, 45% of Pakistanis and 30% of Black Africans are in low income.
  • sixth graph (by geography - risks): unlike ethnic minorities, the proportion of White British people who live in low-income households is similar across the UK.
  • seventh graph (by geography - shares): more than half of people living in low-income households in London are from ethnic minorities.
• Low income by gender:
  • first graph (over time - all adults): women are a bit - but only a bit - more likely to live in low-income households than men.
  • second graph (over time - single adults only): single women are a bit - but only a bit - more likely to live in low-income households than single men and the gap has narrowed considerably in recent years.
  • third graph (by family type): single female pensioners and female lone parents are both more likely to be in low-income households than their male equivalents, but there is no difference for working-age singles without children.
  • fourth graph (shares by family type): in terms of family type, the composition of those in low income is much more varied for women than for men.
  • fifth graph (over time by family type): the two groups where women predominate - single pensioners and lone parents - are precisely the groups where the proportion who are in low income has been falling.
  • sixth graph (by age): men aged 60 to 64 are more likely to be in low income than men in any other age group between 25 and 80.
• Income inequalities:
  • first graph (changes in real income - percentages): unlike the rest of the population, the poorest tenth have not seen a rise in their average incomes over the last decade.
  • second graph (changes in real income - shares): four-fifths of the total increase in incomes over the last decade has gone to those with above-average incomes and two-fifths has gone to those in the richest tenth.
  • third graph (total income - over time): the richest tenth now have 30% of total income, noticeably more than a decade ago. The poorest tenth have just over 1% of the total income.
  • fourth graph (total income - shares): the income of the richest tenth is more than the income of all those on below-average incomes (i.e. the bottom five tenths) combined.
  • fifth graph (by region): inner London is deeply divided - it has by far the highest proportion of people on a low income but also the highest proportion of people on a high income
  • sixth graph (composition by income level): within the bottom three income deciles, the proportion who are pensioners rises as income rises whilst the proportion who are in workless working-age families falls as income rises.
  • seventh graph (gini coefficient): the gini coefficient measure of overall income inequality in the UK is now higher than at any previous time in the last thirty years.
• Benefit levels:
  • third graph (shares - by children): half of all adults in receipt of State benefits are of working age and do not have dependent children.
  • fourth graph (shares - by reason): a third of all adults in receipt of State benefits are of working age and either sick or disabled.
• Working age out-of work benefit recipients:
  • first graph (over time): the rise in the number of unemployed claimants in the latest year has offset all the reductions in the previous decade. Despite this rise, the biggest group of benefit claimants remains those who are sick or disabled.
  • second graph (sick or disabled - by reason): almost half of all claimants of out-of-work disability benefits have mental or behaviour disorders.
  • third graph (sick or disabled - by age): two-fifths of all claimants of out-of-work disability benefits are aged 44 or less.
  • fourth graph (by region): twice as many working-age people in the North East and Wales are recipients of out-of-work benefits as in the South East.
  • map.
• Long-term working-age recipients of out-of-work benefits:
  • first graph (over time): three-quarters of working-age people receiving a key out-of-work benefit for two years or more are sick or disabled.
  • second graph (sick or disabled - by reason): two-fifths of all long-term claimants of out-of-work disability benefits have mental or behaviour disorders.
  • third graph (sick or disabled - by age): two-thirds of the long-term claimants of out-of-work disability benefits are aged less than 55 and a third are aged less than 45.
• Children in low-income households:
  • first graph (over time - numbers): the number of children in low-income households is still well above the Government's target for 2004/05.  Numbers have risen in each year since 2004/05.
  • second graph (over time - risks): the proportion of children in low-income households was falling up to 2004/05 but has been rising since then.  Children remain more likely than adults to live in low income households.
  • third graph (by family type): a half of all people in lone parent families are in low income. This is more than twice the rate for couples with children.
  • fourth graph (by region): inner London has a much higher proportion of children in low-income households than any other region.
  • fifth graph (risks by family work status): a child's risk of low income varies greatly depending on how much paid work the family does.
  • sixth graph (numbers by family work status): Among children in low income, the number in working families has risen sharply in the last few years whilst the number in workless ones has been falling since the mid-1990s.
  • seventh graph (shares by family work status and family type): More than half of the children in low income households live in families where at least one of the adults is in paid work.
• Not in education, employment or training:
  • third graph (by gender): among 16-year-olds, more girls than boys continue in full-time education.
• Young adults in low-income households:
  • first graph (over time): young adults are much more likely to live in low-income households than older working-age adults.
  • second graph (by work status): unemployed young adults are less likely to be in a low-income household than their older counterparts.
• Working-age adults in low income
  • first graph (over time): at around a fifth in 2007/08, the proportion of working-age adults who are in low-income households is now slightly higher than during the period 1994/95 to 2004/05.
  • second graph (by region): inner London has a somewhat higher proportion of working-age adults in low-income households than any other region.
• Low income by work status
  • first graph (over time - proportions): an adult's risk of low income varies greatly depending on how much paid work the family does. These risks have increased substantially for both 'all-working' and 'part-working' families.
  • second graph (over time - numbers): among working-age adults in low income, the number in working families has been rising and now exceeds the number in workless ones.
  • third graph (by family type): most of the rise in working families in low income has been among those without dependent children.
  • fourth graph (shares): among working-age adults in low income, more than half now have someone in their family who is in paid work.
• Low income and disability (aged 25 to retirement):
  • first graph (over time): disabled adults are twice as likely to live in low-income households as non-disabled adults, and the gap is bigger than a decade ago.
  • second graph (by family work status): disabled adults in workless families are actually somewhat less likely to be in low income than their non-disabled counterparts.
  • third graph (by family type): for all family types, a disabled adult's risk of being in low income is much greater than that for a non-disabled adult.
• Low income by age (working-age):
  • first graph (by family type): of the 1.6 million adults aged 16 to 24 in low-income households, 1.1 million are single adults without children.
  • second graph (lone parents): four-fifths of lone parents in low-income households are aged 25 or older.
  • third graph (by family type and work status): of the 1.6 million adults aged 34 to 42 in low-income households, 1 million are in families where someone is working and most of these are couples with children.
  • fourth graph (by family work and disability status): of the 1.2 million adults aged 52 to 60 in low-income households, 600,000 have a disabled adult in the family and most of these are workless.
• Concentrations of low income
  • first graph (over time): Overall, claimant numbers have followed similar trends in both the areas with the most claimants and the areas with the least claimants.
  • second graph (risks): 30% of working-age people receive out-of-work benefits in the areas with the highest concentrations. This compares with 12% in areas with average concentrations.
  • third graph (shares): around 40%of working-age recipients of out-of-work benefits live in a fifth of small areas, whilst the other 60% live outside of these areas.
• Blue collar jobs:
  • second graph (by region): all parts of the UK have lost substantial numbers of jobs in manufacturing, construction and other production industries over the last decade.
• Older people in low income
  • first graph (over time): the proportion of single pensioners who are in low-income households has halved over the last decade, with smaller falls for pensioner couples.
  • second graph (by family type): pensioners are now less likely to be living in low-income households than non-pensioners.
  • third graph (by age): single female pensioners and older pensioner couples are the pensioners most likely to be in low income.
  • fourth graph (shares): around half of low-income pensioners are in couples and the other half are single pensioners
  • fifth graph (depth of low income): unlike working-age adults, very few low-income pensioners have a very low income.
  • sixth graph (by region): apart from inner London (where it is much higher), the proportion of pensioners on low income is similar across all regions.
  • seventh graph (before deducting housing costs): after deducting housing costs, pensioners are much less likely to be in low income than non-pensioners. Before deducting housing costs, however, pensioners are much more likely to be in low income than non-pensioners.
  • map of Pension Credit recipiency.
• Older people with no private income:
  • first graph (over time): 1.3 million pensioners have no income other than the state retirement pension and state benefits.
• Access to transport
  • first graph (journeys): people in households without a car make fewer than half the number of journeys as those with a car.
  • third graph (cars by household income): just about all households with above-average incomes have a car but half of low-income households do not.
  • fifth graph (cars by gender): although the proportion is coming down, two-fifths of women still do not drive. This compares with a quarter of men.
• Polarisation by housing tenure:
  • first graph (over time - by income): half of all people in social housing are in low income compared to one in seven owner occupiers. Both risks are similar to a decade ago.
• Housing benefit:
  • second graph (by group): one in five households in rented accommodation have a low income but still have to pay full rent.
• Victims of crime:
  • sixth graph (perceptions of trends): throughout the last decade, many more adults think that their local crime rate has been increasing than think that it has been decreasing.

Updated Scotland indicators

• Numbers in low income:
  • first graph (over time): the proportion of people on low incomes has fallen by around a fifth since 2000/01.
  • second graph (fixed low-income threshold): the proportion of people in households below a fixed 1994/95 low income threshold halved in the late 1990s but has remained largely unchanged since 2001/02.
  • third graph (compared to Great Britain over time): since 2004/05, the proportion of people who are in low-income households has remained unchanged in Scotland but increased for Great Britain as a whole.
  • fourth graph (compared to Great Britain by region): the proportion of people in low-income households in Scotland is now much lower than the Great Britain average.
• Low income by age group
  • first graph (over time): the proportions of pensioners and children living in low-income households are lower than a decade ago. By contrast, the proportion for working-age adults without dependent children is higher than a decade ago.
  • second graph (shares): two-fifths of all people in low income are working-age adults without dependent children.
• Low income by family type
  • first graph (by family type): almost half of all people in lone parent families are in low income. This is three times the rate for couples with children.
  • second graph (depth of low income): the vast majority of people with very low incomes are either working-age adults without children or in couples with children.  Relatively few are either pensioners or in lone parent families.
• Income inequalities:
  • first graph (changes in real income - percentages): unlike the rest of the population, the poorest tenth have not seen a rise in their average incomes over the last decade.
  • second graph (changes in real income - shares): three-quarters of the total increase in incomes over the last decade has gone to those with above-average incomes and a third has gone to those in the richest tenth.
  • third graph (total income - over time): apart from the richest tenth, the overall distribution of income has changed little over the last decade.  The poorest tenth have 2% of total income.
  • fourth graph (total income - shares): the income of the richest tenth is the same as the income of all those on below-average incomes (i.e. the bottom five tenths) combined.
  • fifth graph (compared to Great Britain): income inequality in Scotland is less than in Great Britain as a whole.
  • sixth graph (composition by income level): compared to the bottom two income deciles, the third decile has more pensioners and more working families.
• Working age out-of work benefit recipients:
  • first graph (over time): despite a rise in the most recent year, the number of benefit claimants is still well below that of a decade ago. The biggest group of benefit claimants remains those who are sick or disabled.
  • second graph (sick or disabled - by reason): almost half of all claimants of out-of-work disability benefits have mental or behaviour disorders.
  • third graph (sick or disabled - by age): two-fifths of working-age recipients of out-of-work disability benefits are aged less than 45.
  • fourth graph (by local authority): the proportion of working-age people in receipt of out-of-work benefits is more than twice as high in Glasgow, Inverclyde and West Dunbartonshire than in some other parts of Scotland.
  • fifth graph (compared to Great Britain): Scotland has more people in receipt of out-of-work benefits than the Great Britain on average but less than in some of the other regions.
  • map.
• Long-term working-age recipients of out-of-work benefits:
  • first graph (over time): four-fifths of working-age people receiving a key out-of-work benefit for two years or more are sick or disabled.
  • second graph (sick or disabled - by reason): two-fifths of all long-term claimants of out-of-work disability benefits have mental or behaviour disorders.
  • third graph (sick or disabled - by age): two-thirds of the long-term claimants of out-of-work disability benefits are aged less than 55 and a third are aged less than 45.
• Children in low-income households:
  • first graph (over time): despite falls over the last decade, children continue to be much more likely to live in low-income households than adults.
  • second graph (by family type): almost half of all people in lone parent families are in low income.  This is three times the rate for couples with children.
  • third graph (risks by family work status): a child's risk of being in a low-income household varies greatly depending on how much paid work the family does.
  • fourth graph (shares by family work status and family type): half of the children in low-income households live in families where at least one of the adults is in paid work.
  • fifth graph (compared to Great Britain): the proportion of children in low-income households in Scotland is now lower than in any of the other regions of Great Britain.  This is because the falls over the last decade have been greater in Scotland than in any of the other regions.
• Infant deaths:
  • first graph (over time): children born to parents from manual backgrounds are around twice as likely to die in their first year of life as those born to parents from non-manual backgrounds.
• Young adult suicides:
  • first graph (over time): there are around 100 suicides amongst young adults aged 15-24 each year, mostly males. The number is lower than a decade ago.
• Working-age adults in low income
  • first graph (over time): the proportion of working-age adults who are in low-income households is similar to a decade ago.
  • second graph (compared to the UK): the proportion of working-age adults in low-income households in Scotland is slightly lower than the UK average.
• Low income by work status
  • first graph (risks): the only families with a low risk of low income are those where all the adults are working.
  • second graph (shares): among working-age adults in low income, almost half now have someone in their family who is in paid work.
  • third graph (by family type): for working-age adults in low income in both working and workless families, the proportion who do not have dependent children has increased.
• Concentrations of low income
  • first graph (over time): claimant numbers in the areas with the most claimants have fallen at a slightly slower rate than those in the areas with the least claimants.
  • second graph (risks): 35% of working-age people receive out-of-work benefits in the areas with the highest concentrations. This compares with 15% in areas with average concentrations.
  • third graph (shares): around 40%of working-age recipients of out-of-work benefits live in a fifth of small areas, whilst the other 60% live outside of these areas.
• Blue collar jobs:
  • first graph (over time): while the total number of jobs has been rising, the number of jobs in manufacturing, construction and other production industries is lower than a decade ago.
  • second graph (compared to the UK): the increase in total jobs combined with the fall in manufacturing, construction and other production jobs has occurred throughout the UK.
• Premature death:
  • fourth graph (those aged 55 to 64): throughout the last decade, the rate of deaths amongst those aged 55 to 64 in Scotland has been around a third higher than in England and Wales for both men and women.
  • sixth graph (by local authority - selected diseases): the standardised mortality rate for stomach cancer, lung cancer and heart disease in Glasgow and West Dunbartonshire twice as high as that in the best areas.
• Older people in low income
  • first graph (over time): pensioners are now much less likely to be living in low income than non-pensioners.
  • second graph (by family type): the one in six pensioners who are in low income compares to almost half of all people in lone parent families.
  • third graph (depth of low income): Only a small proportion of the people with very low incomes are pensioners.
  • fourth graph (compared to the UK): the proportion of pensioners in low income in Scotland is lower than in any of the other regions of the UK.
  • fifth graph (Pension Credit recipiency by local authority): more than twice as many people are in receipt of guaranteed Pension Credit in Glasgow than in most of the rest of Scotland.
  • map of Pension Credit recipiency.
• Older people with no private income:
  • first graph (over time): around 140,000 pensioners have no income other than the state retirement pension and state benefits.

Updated Wales indicators

• Numbers in low income:
  • first graph (over time): after falling for a number of years, the proportion of people on low incomes has risen considerably in the last three years.
  • second graph (fixed low-income threshold): the proportion of people in households below a fixed 1994/95 low income threshold halved in the late 1990s but has been rising in recent years.
  • third graph (compared to Great Britain over time): the proportion of people in low income in Wales has followed similar trends over time as that for Great Britain as a whole.
  • fourth graph (compared to Great Britain by region): the proportion of people in low-income households in Wales is slightly higher than the Great Britain average, as it was a decade ago.
• Location of low income:
  • first graph (working age - over time): the proportion of working-age people in receipt of out-of-work benefits has followed similar trends over time in all types of authority.
  • second graph (working age - by local authority): two-and-a-half times as many working-age people in Blaenau Gwent and Merthyr Tydfil are in receipt of out-of-work benefits as in Ceredigion and Monmouthshire.
  • third graph (older people - over time): the proportion of older people in receipt of the guaranteed element of Pension Credit has followed similar trends over time in all types of authority.
  • fourth graph (older people - by local authority): more people are in receipt of guaranteed Pension Credit in The Valleys than elsewhere but the differences are much less than for working-age people in receipt of out-of-work benefits.
  • maps of working-age out-of-work benefit recipiency and Pension Credit recipiency.
• Low income by age group
  • first graph (over time): recent rises in the proportions of children and working-age adults living in low-income households have reversed much of the fall in the previous decade.
  • second graph (shares): a third of all people in low-income households are working-age adults without dependent children.
• Low income by family type
  • first graph (by family type): half of all people in lone parent families are in low income.  This is double the rate for couples with children.
  • second graph (depth of low income): the vast majority of people with very low incomes are either working-age adults without children or in couples with children.  Relatively few are either pensioners or in lone parent families.
• Income inequalities:
  • first graph (total income - over time): the poorest tenth have 1½% of total income whilst the second poorest tenth have 4%. The richest tenth have 25-30%.
  • second graph (total income - shares): the income of the richest tenth is the same as the income of all those on below-average incomes (i.e. the bottom five tenths) combined.
  • third graph (compared to Great Britain): income inequality in Wales is less than in Great Britain as a whole.
• Working age out-of work benefit recipients:
  • first graph (over time): despite a rise in the most recent year, the number of benefit claimants is still well below that of a decade ago. The biggest group of benefit claimants remains those who are sick or disabled.
  • second graph (sick or disabled - by reason): two-fifths of all claimants of out-of-work disability benefits have mental or behaviour disorders.
  • third graph (sick or disabled - by age): two-fifths of working-age recipients of out-of-work disability benefits are aged less than 45.
  • fourth graph (by local authority): two-and-a-half times as many working-age people in Blaenau Gwent and Merthyr Tydfil are in receipt of out-of-work benefits as in Ceredigion and Monmouthshire.
  • fifth graph (compared to Great Britain): Wales has more people in receipt of out-of-work benefits than most of the rest of Great Britain. This is mainly because it has a high number of people who are both sick or disabled and out-of-work.
  • map.
• Long-term working-age recipients of out-of-work benefits:
  • first graph (over time): four-fifths of working-age people receiving a key out-of-work benefit for two years or more are sick or disabled.
  • second graph (sick or disabled - by reason): two-fifths of all long-term claimants of out-of-work disability benefits have mental or behaviour disorders.
  • third graph (sick or disabled - by age): two-thirds of the long-term claimants of out-of-work disability benefits are aged less than 55 and a third are aged less than 45.
• Children in low-income households:
  • first graph (over time): the proportion of children in low-income households was falling up to 2005/06 but has risen sharply in the latest two years.
  • second graph (by family type): half of all people in lone parent families are in low income. This is double the rate for couples with children.
  • third graph (risks by family work status): a child's risk of being in a low-income household varies greatly depending on how much paid work the family does.
  • fourth graph (shares by family work status and family type): half of the children in low-income households live in families where at least one of the adults is in paid work.
  • fifth graph (compared to Great Britain): Wales has more people in receipt of out-of-work benefits than most of the rest of Great Britain. This is mainly because it has a high number of people who are both sick or disabled and out-of-work.
• Educational attainment at age 11
  • first graph (over time): the proportion of 11-year-olds in deprived schools failing to achieve level 4 at Key Stage 2 has fallen considerably, but is still much higher than for 11-year-olds on average.
  • second graph (by local authority): the proportion of 11-year-olds assessed as failing to achieve level 4 or above at Key Stage 2 is highest in the Valleys.
• Working-age adults in low income
  • first graph (over time): the proportion of working-age adults who are in low-income households remained largely unchanged throughout the last decade, until a sudden jump in 2007/08.
  • second graph (compared to the UK): the proportion of working-age adults in low-income households in Wales is somewhat higher than the UK average.
• Low income by work status
  • first graph (risks): the only families with a low risk of low income are those where all the adults are working.
  • second graph (shares): among working-age adults in low income, half now have someone in their family who is in paid work.
  • third graph (by family type): for working-age adults in low income in both working and workless families, the proportion who do not have dependent children has increased.
• Concentrations of low income
  • first graph (over time): claimant numbers in the areas with the most claimants have fallen at a somewhat slower rate than those in the areas with the least claimants.
  • second graph (risks): around a third of working-age people receive out-of-work benefits in the areas with the highest concentrations. This is twice the rate for areas with average concentrations.
  • third graph (shares): around a third of working-age recipients of out-of-work benefits live in a fifth of small areas, whilst the other two-thirds live outside of these areas.
• Blue collar jobs:
  • first graph (over time): while the total number of jobs has been rising, the number of jobs in manufacturing, construction and other production industries has been falling.
  • second graph (compared to the UK): whilst the increase in total jobs combined with the fall in manufacturing, construction and other production jobs has occurred throughout the UK, the scale of change has been greater in Wales.
• Older people in low income
  • first graph (over time): pensioners are now much less likely to be living in low income than non-pensioners.
  • second graph (by family type): the one in five pensioners who are in low income compares to half of all people in lone parent families.
  • third graph (depth of low income): Only a small proportion of the people with very low incomes are pensioners.
  • fourth graph (compared to the UK): the proportion of pensioners in low income in Wales is slightly higher than the UK average.
  • fifth graph (Pension Credit recipiency by local authority): more people are in receipt of guaranteed Pension Credit in The Valleys than elsewhere but the differences are much less than for working-age people in receipt of out-of-work benefits.
  • map of Pension Credit recipiency.
• Older people with no private income:
  • first graph (over time): around 90,000 pensioners have no income other than the state retirement pension and state benefits.

Updated Northern Ireland indicators

• Numbers in low income:
  • first graph (after deducting housing costs): the proportion of people who are in low-income households measured after housing costs are deducted is somewhat lower in Northern Ireland than the Great Britain average.
  • second graph (before deducting housing costs): the proportion of people who are in low-income households measured before housing costs are deducted is somewhat higher in Northern Ireland than the Great Britain average.
  • third graph (housing costs): housing costs for households with below-average incomes are much lower in Northern Ireland than in any of the regions of Great Britain.
• Low income by age group
  • first graph (compared to Great Britain): as in Great Britain, children in Northern Ireland are more likely to live in low-income households than adults.
  • second graph (shares): a third of all people in low-income households are children.
• Low income by family type
  • first graph (by family type): a half of all people in lone parent families are in low income.  This is two-and-a half times the rate for couples with children.
• Children in low-income households:
  • first graph (compared to Great Britain): the proportion of children who are in low-income households is somewhat lower in Northern Ireland than in most of Great Britain.
  • second graph (by family type): almost half of all people in lone parent families are in low income. This is two-and-a half times the rate for couples with children.
  • third graph (shares by family work status and family type): half of the children in low-income households live in families where at least one of the adults is in paid work.
• Not in education, employment or training:
  • third graph (by deprivation): more pupils in deprived catholic areas go on to Further or Higher Education than do pupils in deprived protestant areas.
• Low income by work status
  • first graph (risks): as in Great Britain, the only families in Northern Ireland with a low risk of low income are those where all the adults are working.
  • second graph (shares): among working-age adults in low income, two-fifths have someone in their family who is in paid work.
• Low income and disability:
  • first graph (compared to Great Britain): disabled working-age adults in Northern Ireland are twice as likely to live in low-income households as non-disabled adults.
• Older people in low income
  • first graph (compared to Great Britain): the proportion of pensioners who are in low-income households is somewhat higher in Northern Ireland than in most of Great Britain.
  • second graph (by family type): similar proportions of single pensioners and pensioner couples are in low income.
• Older people with no private income:
  • first graph (compared to Great Britain): two-fifths of single pensioners - and a fifth of pensioner couples - have no income other than the state retirement pension and state benefits. These proportion are more than double those in Great Britain.

Updated rural England indicators

• Numbers in low income:
  • first graph (compared to urban): one in six people in rural districts live in low-income households. This compares with one in four in urban districts.
  • second graph (shares): 3.4 million people in rural districts live in low-income households - around a third of the total.
  • third graph (over time): In rural districts, like in urban districts, the proportion of people who are in low income has come down slightly - but only slightly - over the last decade.
• Low income by age group:
  • first graph (risks): children and working-age adults in rural districts are less likely to be in low income than their urban counterparts, but this is not the case for pensioners.
  • second graph (shares): the proportion of people in low-income households who are pensioners is higher in rural districts than in urban districts.
• Low income by family type:
  • first graph (risks): as in urban districts, lone parent families in rural districts are more than twice as likely to be in low income as other family types.
  • second graph (shares): as a proportion of all those in low income, in rural districts there are fewer in lone parent families and more in pensioner families than is the case for urban districts.
• Income inequalities:
  • first graph (by amount): throughout the income distribution, households in rural districts have, on average, a somewhat greater income than households in urban districts.
  • second graph (by share): whilst slightly more than 20% of the population in rural districts in England are in the UK's richest fifth, somewhat less than 20% of the population in these districts are in the UK's poorest fifth.
• Out-of-work benefit recipients:
• first graph (working age - compared to urban): the proportion of working-age adults in receipt of out-of-work benefits is much lower in rural districts than in urban districts.
• second graph (working age - over time): 1.8 million working-age adults in low-income households - almost a third of the total - live in rural districts.
• third graph (older people): the proportion of pensioners in receipt of means-tested benefits is much lower in rural districts than in urban districts.
• Children in low-income households:
  • first graph (compared to urban): a quarter of all children in rural districts live in low-income households.
  • second graph (shares): 1,000,000 children in low-income households - a quarter of the total - live in rural districts.
  • third graph (over time): the proportion of children who are in low-income households in rural districts is similar to that of a decade ago.
  • fourth graph (risks by family type and work status): the risk of children being in low-income households is affected mainly by the work status of their parent(s); within each work status, the average levels of risk are mostly similar in both rural and urban districts.
  • fifth graph (shares by family type and work status): two-thirds of children in low-income households in the more rural districts live in a family where at least one of the parents is working.
• Working-age adults in low income
  • first graph (compared to urban): one in six working-age adults in rural districts live in low-income households. This is noticeably lower than the proportion in urban districts.
  • second graph (shares): 1.8 million working-age adults in low-income households - almost a third of the total - live in rural districts.
  • third graph (over time): in rural districts, like in urban districts, the proportion of working-age adults who are in low-income households is similar to a decade ago.
• Low income by work status
  • first graph (compared to urban): for any particular family work status, the risk of a working-age adult being in low income is similar in both rural and urban districts.
  • second graph (shares): in the more rural districts, around two-third of working-age people with low incomes live in families where someone works. Only a third live in workless families.
• Older people in low income
  • first graph (compared to urban): one in six pensioners in rural districts live in low income. This proportion is similar to that in urban districts.
  • second graph (shares): 600,000 pensioners in low-income households - two-fifths of the total - live in rural districts.
  • third graph (over time): in rural districts, like in urban districts, the proportion of pensioners who are in low income has fallen substantially over the last decade.
• Older people with no private income:
  • first graph (compared to urban): pensioners in rural districts are much less likely than those in urban districts to rely solely on the state retirement pension and state benefits for their income.
  • second graph (working-age contributions): almost half of all workers in rural districts do not have a current pension.
• Without a bank account:
  • first graph (compared to urban): as in urban districts, low-income households are more likely to have no bank or building society account than households on average incomes.
  • second graph (over time): whilst the proportion of households in rural districts who have no bank or building society account has fallen over the last decade, the rate of reduction has been much slower than that in urban districts.
• Polarisation by housing tenure:
  • first graph (low income): almost half of all people in social housing in rural districts are in low income. This compares to around one in seven of those in other tenures.

Updated local area data

• Working-age recipients of out-of-work benefits (lower tier map and spreadsheet).
• Working-age recipients of out-of-work benefits (ward map and spreadsheet).
• Pension Credit recipients (ward map and spreadsheet).

top

July 2009

Updated UK indicators

• Lacking essentials:
  • first graph (by item): many people on low incomes say that they cannot afford selected essential items or activities - but so do quite a lot of people on average incomes.
  • fifth graph (in arrears with bills): a fifth of working-age adults in the poorest fifth are in arrears with their bills. This is three times the rate for those on average incomes.
• School exclusions:
  • first two graphs (over time): after falling sharply in the late 1990s, the number of permanent exclusions has remained broadly unchanged over the last eight years.
  • third graph (by ethnic group): Black Caribbean pupils are three times as likely to be permanently excluded from school as White pupils.
  • fourth graph (by region): the rate of permanent exclusion is much lower in Scotland than elsewhere.
• Young adult drug misuse:
  • first graph (over time): at 8%, the proportion of young adults using class A drugs is similar to a decade ago.
• Older people with no private income:
  • second graph (by household income): more than half of workers on below-average incomes do not have a current pension.
  • third graph (by age): the proportion of workers without a current pension is around a third for all ages from 40 to 60.
• Without a bank account:
  • first graph (over time): the proportion of low-income households with no bank account has fallen sharply in recent years.
  • second graph (by type of account): whilst only 6% of the poorest fifth of households now have no account, this rises to 11% if Post Office Card Accounts are not considered to be accounts.
• Victims of crime:
  • first graph (over time): both burglaries and violent crimes have halved over the last decade.
  • second graph (by household type): young households and the unemployed are at high risk of both being burgled and of being the victims of violence.
  • third graph (by region): the burglary rate is almost twice as high in Yorkshire & the Humber and in London as in the East of England. There is less variation in the incidence of violent crime.
  • fourth graph (worries over time): the proportion of adults who are very worried about being the victim of crime is much lower than a decade ago.

Updated Scotland indicators

• Lacking essentials:
  • first graph (by item): many people on low incomes say that they cannot afford selected essential items or activities - but so do quite a lot of people on average incomes.
• Underage pregnancies:
  • first graph (over time): the number of pregnancies to girls conceiving under age 16 is similar to a decade ago, although the number of actual births is lower.
  • second graph (by deprivation of area): underage conceptions are much more common in deprived areas.
• Older people with no private income:
  • second graph (by household income): more than half of workers on below-average incomes do not have a current pension.
  • third graph (by age): the proportion of workers without a current pension is around a third for all ages from 40 to 60.
• Without a bank account:
  • first graph (over time): the proportion of low-income households with no bank account has fallen sharply in recent years.

Updated Wales indicators

• Older people with no private income:
  • second graph (by household income): more than half of workers on below-average incomes do not have a current pension.
  • third graph (by age): the proportion of workers without a current pension is around two-fifths for all ages from 30 to 65.
• Without a bank account:
  • first graph (over time): the proportion of low-income households with no bank account has fallen sharply in recent years.
• Burglaries:
  • first graph (compared to England): the burglary rate is lower in Wales than in most of the English regions.
  • second graph and map (by local authority): burglary appears to be much more common in Cardiff, Newport and Swansea than elsewhere.

Updated Northern Ireland indicators

• Older people with no private income:
  • second graph (by household income): more than half of workers on average and below-average incomes do not have a current pension.
  • third graph (by age): the proportion of workers without a current pension is around two-fifths for all ages from 35 to 65.
• Without a bank account:
  • first graph (by household income): at all income levels, the proportion of households lacking a bank account in Northern Ireland is much higher than in Great Britain.

Updated rural England indicators

• School exclusions:
• first graph (compared to urban): the proportion of pupils permanently excluded from school is somewhat lower in rural authorities than in other authorities.

Updated local area data

• Educational attainment at age 11 (upper tier map and spreadsheet).
• Permanent school exclusions (upper tier map and spreadsheet).

June 2009

New reports

The Joseph Rowntree Foundation has published an updated analysis of poverty and social exclusion in Wales.

View the analysis as PDF

Updated UK indicators

• Young adult unemployment:
  • second graph (over time, numbers): two-fifths of all those who are unemployed are now aged under 25.
• Blue collar jobs:
  • first graph (over time): while the total number of jobs is much higher than a decade ago, the number of jobs in manufacturing, construction and other production industries has fallen.
• Insecure at work:
  • first graph (over time - proportions): almost half of the men, and a third of the women, making a new claim for Jobseeker's Allowance were last claiming less than six months previously.
  • second graph (over time - numbers): the number of people making a new claim for Jobseeker's Allowance who were last claiming less than six months previously rose substantially in 2009.
• Premature deaths:
  • third graph (by social class): men aged 25-64 from routine or manual backgrounds are twice as likely to die as those from managerial or professional backgrounds. There are also sizeable differences for women.
  • fourth graph (by cause - men only): the two biggest causes of death among men aged 25 to 64 are cancers and circulatory diseases (including heart disease).
  • fifth graph (by social class and cause - men only): for all major causes, death rates for men aged 25 to 64 are much higher among those from manual backgrounds than those from non-manual backgrounds.
• Take-up of benefits by older people:
  • first graph (over time): around two-fifths of pensioner households entitled to Council Tax Benefit and Pension Credit are not claiming them. These are much higher proportions than a decade ago.
  • second graph (by amount): of the estimated £4½ billion of unclaimed income-related benefits to which pensioners were entitled in 2007/08, Pensioner Credit accounted for half while Council Tax Benefit accounted for a third.
  • third graph (by tenure): half of the owner occupiers entitled to Pension Credit are not claiming it, a much higher proportion than for those in other tenures.
  • fourth graph (by family type): the proportion of pensioner households entitled to, but not claiming, Pension Credit is somewhat higher for pensioner couples than for single pensioners.
• Homelessness:
  • fifth graph (in temporary accommodation - over time): although now falling, the number of homeless households placed in temporary accommodation is still higher than a decade ago.
  • sixth graph (in temporary accommodation - by region): the number of households in temporary accommodation is an order of magnitude greater in London than elsewhere.
• Housing benefit:
  • first graph (over time): levels of non-take-up of Housing Benefit are much higher than a decade ago among both pensioners and those of working-age.

Updated Scotland indicators

• Young adult unemployment:
  • second graph (over time, numbers): nearly half of those who are unemployed are now aged under 25.
• Insecure at work:
  • first graph (over time - proportions): almost half of the men, and a third of the women, making a new claim for Jobseeker's Allowance were last claiming less than six months previously.
  • second graph (over time - numbers): the number of people making a new claim for Jobseeker's Allowance who were last claiming less than six months previously rose substantially in 2009.

Updated Wales indicators

• Young adult unemployment:
  • second graph (over time, numbers): nearly half of those who are unemployed are now aged under 25.
• Insecure at work:
  • first graph (over time - proportions): almost half of the men, and a third of the women, making a new claim for Jobseeker's Allowance were last claiming less than six months previously.
  • second graph (over time - numbers): the number of people making a new claim for Jobseeker's Allowance who were last claiming less than six months previously rose substantially in 2009.
• Homelessness:
  • fifth graph (in temporary accommodation): although now falling, the number of homeless households in temporary accommodation is still three times that of a decade ago.

Updated Northern Ireland indicators

• Educational attainment at age 16:
  • first graph (over time): in 2007/08, 10% of school leavers obtained fewer than 5 GCSEs. This compares with 15% a decade ago.
  • second graph (by free school meals): Among pupils entitled to free schools meals, the proportion of school leavers who have fewer than five GCSEs has fallen sharply in recent years. It is, however, still twice that for school leavers on average.
• Not in education, employment or training:
  • third graph (destinations of school leavers by gender): far more girls than boys go into Higher and Further Education, whereas more boys go into training.
• Young adult unemployment:
  • second graph (over time, numbers): nearly half of those who are unemployed are now aged under 25.
• Blue collar jobs:
  • first graph (over time by industry): while the total number of jobs has been rising, the number of jobs in manufacturing, construction and other production industries has fallen slightly.
  • second graph (over time within production): whilst manufacturing has declined, the number of jobs in construction has grown.
  • third graph (over time by gender): the number of jobs has increased for both men and women and for both full-time and part-time work.
  • fourth graph (shares by gender): almost half of full-time male jobs are in production industries, compared to one in ten full-time female jobs and part-time jobs.
  • fifth graph (shares by industry): manufacturing, construction and other production industries are the areas which are dominated by full-time male jobs.

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May 2009

New reports

The New Policy Institute has produced a comprehensive report on poverty and social exclusion in London for the City Parochial Foundation.

View the full report as PDF (9mb)

View the executive summary as PDF

Updated UK indicators

• Out-of-work benefit levels: first graph (over time vis-à-vis inflation) and second graph (over time vis-à-vis earnings).
• Educational attainment at age 11: first graph (over time).

Updated Northern Ireland indicators

• Victims of crime: first graph (by level of deprivation).

Updated European indicators

• Life expectancy at birth: all graphs.
• Long term unemployment share: all graphs.
• Very long term unemployment rate: all graphs.
• Low educational attainment: all graphs.

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April 2009

Updated UK indicators

• In receipt of tax credits: first graph (over time) and second graph (by region).
• Low birthweight babies: all graphs.
• Infant deaths: all graphs.
• Underage pregnancies: third graph (by social class).
• Educational attainment at age 11: second graph (by free school meal eligibility and gender) and third graph (by free school meal eligibility and ethnicity).
• Looked-after children: second graph (educational attainment).
• Without a basic qualification at age 19: first graph (over time), second graph (by gender), third graph (by age) and fourth graph (by region).
• Help for older people from social services: first graph (over time).
• Mortgage re-possessions: first graph (over time).

Updated Scotland indicators

• In receipt of tax credits: all graphs.
• Infant deaths: all graphs.
• Without a basic qualification at age 19: all graphs.

Updated Wales indicators

• In receipt of tax credits: all graphs.
• Low birthweight babies: all graphs.
• Infant deaths: all graphs.
• Without a basic qualification at age 19: all graphs.
• School exclusions: first graph (over time).

Updated Northern Ireland indicators

• In receipt of tax credits: all graphs.
• Infant deaths: second graph (by local authority) and third graph (compared with the rest of the UK).
• Without a basic qualification at age 19: all graphs.
• Childcare provision: second graph (support from tax credits).
• Overcrowding: first graph (over time) and second graph (by tenure).

Updated rural England indicators

• In receipt of tax credits: all graphs.
• Low birthweight babies: all graphs.
• Infant deaths: all graphs.
• Educational attainment at age 11: all graphs.

Updated European indicators

• Long term unemployment rate: all graphs.

Updated local area data

• In receipt of tax credits (district spreadsheet only)
• Low birthweight babies (district map and spreadsheet).
• Infant deaths (district map and spreadsheet).
• Educational attainment at age 11 (district map and spreadsheet).

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March 2009

Updated UK indicators

• Lacking consumer durables: all graphs.
• Children in workless households: first graph (over time, numbers), second graph (over time, percentages), third graph (by family type) and fourth graph (by region).
• Accidental deaths among children: first graph (over time).
• Underage pregnancies: first graph (over time, numbers), second graph (over time, percentages) and fourth graph (by region).
• Educational attainment at age 16: first graph (by free school meal eligibility and gender) and fourth graph (by free school meal eligibility and ethnicity).
• Impact of qualifications on work: all graphs.
• Young adults not in education, employment or training (NEETs): first graph (over time) and second graph (by region).
• Young adult unemployment: all graphs.
• Young adult low pay: fifth graph (risks by industry) and sixth graph (shares by industry).
• Young adult suicides: all graphs.
• Wanting paid work: all graphs.
• Work and disability: all graphs.
• Work and lone parents: all graphs.
• Work and ethnicity: first graph (over time), second graph (by ethnic group) and fourth graph (workless households).
• Work and gender: all graphs.
• Blue collar jobs: third graph (by gender) and fourth graph (by industry).
• Workless households: first graph (rates over time) and second graph (shares by group).
• Low pay by industry: all graphs.
• Low pay and disability: all graphs.
• Low pay by ethnicity: all graphs.
• Insecure at work: second graph (temporary/part-time), third graph (temporary contracts) and fourth graph (Union membership).
• Without access to training: all graphs.
• Working-age adults without educational qualifications: first graph (over time), second graph (by age group) and third graph (by region).
• Obesity: all graphs.
• Without home contents insurance: all graphs.
• Polarisation by housing tenure: second graph (over time), third graph (by age group) and fourth graph (by region).
• Homelessness: first graph (over time), second graph (by region), third graph (by reason), fourth graph (by ethnic group) and seventh graph (in temporary accommodation by length of stay).
• Non-participation: all graphs.

Updated Scotland indicators

• Lacking consumer durables: all graphs.
• Children in workless households: all graphs.
• Educational attainment at age 16: first graph (over time), second graph (by level of deprivation) and third graph (school leavers).
• Impact of qualifications on work: all graphs.
• Young adults not in education, employment or training (NEETs): all graphs.
• Young adult unemployment: all graphs.
• Wanting paid work: first graph (over time), second graph (by age and gender), third graph (by reason) and fifth graph (compared with the rest of the UK).
• Work and disability: all graphs.
• Work and lone parents: all graphs.
• Blue collar jobs: third graph (by gender) and fourth graph (by industry).
• Workless households: all graphs.
• Low pay by industry: all graphs.
• Insecure at work: second graph (temporary/part-time), third graph (temporary contracts) and fourth graph (Union membership).
• Without access to training: all graphs.
• Mental health: all graphs.

Updated Wales indicators

• Lacking consumer durables: all graphs.
• Children in workless households: all graphs.
• Underage pregnancies: first graph (over time) and third graph (compared with the rest of Great Britain).
• Impact of qualifications on work: all graphs.
• Young adults not in education, employment or training (NEETs): first graph (over time) and second graph (compared with the rest of the UK).
• Young adult unemployment: all graphs.
• Wanting paid work: first graph (over time), second graph (by age and gender), third graph (by reason) and fifth graph (compared with the rest of the UK).
• Work and disability: all graphs.
• Work and lone parents: all graphs.
• Blue collar jobs: third graph (by gender) and fourth graph (by industry).
• Workless households: all graphs.
• Low pay by industry: all graphs.
• Insecure at work: second graph (temporary/part-time), third graph (temporary contracts) and fourth graph (Union membership).
• Without access to training: all graphs.
• Mental health: all graphs.
• Homelessness: first graph (over time), second graph (by family type), third graph (by reason) and fourth graph (by local authority).

Updated Northern Ireland indicators

• Lacking consumer durables: all graphs.
• Children in workless households: all graphs.
• Educational attainment at age 11: all graphs.
• Impact of qualifications on work: all graphs.
• Young adults not in education, employment or training (NEETs): first graph (over time) and second graph (compared with the rest of the UK).
• Young adult unemployment: all graphs.
• Wanting paid work: all graphs.
• Work and disability: all graphs.
• Work and lone parents: all graphs.
• Work and religion: all graphs.
• Blue collar jobs: sixth graph (by gender and occupation).
• Workless households: all graphs.
• Low pay by gender: all graphs.
• Low pay by industry: all graphs.
• Location of low pay: all graphs.
• Insecure at work: all graphs.
• Without access to training: all graphs.
• Working-age adults without educational qualifications: all graphs.
• Mental health: first graph (by gender and work status).
• Without home contents insurance: all graphs.
• Polarisation by housing tenure: first graph (over time) and fourth graph (compared to Great Britain).
• Victims of crime: second graph (worries about crime).

Updated rural England indicators

• Educational attainment at age 16: all graphs.
• Homelessness: all graphs.

Updated local area data

• Educational attainment at age 16 (district map and spreadsheet).
• Homelessness (district map and spreadsheet).

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February 2009

Updated UK indicators

• Location of low income: second graph (by rural/urban).
• Low income by ethnic group: sixth graph (risks by geography and group) and seventh graph (shares by geography and group).
• Income inequalities: fifth graph (by region).
• Children in low-income households: third graph (by region).
• Older people in low income: sixth graph (by region).

Updated rural England indicators

• Numbers in low income: all graphs.
• Low income by age group: all graphs.
• Low income by family type: all graphs.
• Children in low-income households: all graphs.
• Working-age adults in low income: all graphs.
• Low income by work status: all graphs.
• Older people in low income: all graphs.
• Older people with no private income: all graphs.
• Without a bank account: all graphs.
• Polarisation by housing tenure: first graph (by level of income).

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January 2009

Updated UK indicators

• Numbers in low income and disability: fourth graph (compared to the EU).
• Educational attainment at age 16: first and second graphs (both over time) plus fifth graph (by region).
• Low income and disability: fourth graph (compared to the EU).
• Longstanding illness/disability among working-age people: fourth graph (by social class).
• Longstanding illness/disability among older people: fourth graph (by social class).

Updated Scotland indicators

• School exclusions: first graph (over time).
• Help from social services: all graphs.

Updated Wales indicators

• Concentrations of poor children: all graphs.
• Educational attainment at age 16: all graphs.

Updated Northern Ireland indicators

• Concentrations of poor children: all graphs.

Updated European indicators

• Low income by age and gender: all graphs.
• Low income by work status: all graphs.
• Low income by household type: all graphs.
• Low income by tenure: all graphs.
• Low income amounts: all graphs.
• Income inequality: all graphs.
• Depth of low income: all graphs.
• Low income by threshold: all graphs.
• Low income by fixed threshold: all graphs.
• Low income before social transfers: all graphs.
• Gini coefficient: all graphs.

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© Guy Palmer | info@poverty.org.uk